quiz 2 Flashcards
(21 cards)
the date of the British invasion of Egypt
invaded egypt in 1882
the reasons behind it
in order for a bridge to asia and to gain more trading routes such as the suez canal, large trade routes, and more access to british india and its resources
the shape of British rule in Egypt.
1876: egypt declares bankruptcy The Debt commision: -an international commission was established in May 1876, to supervise the payment by the egyptian government of the loans to europeans -in 1878, two controllers were appointed a part of the egyptian cabinet to supervise state revenue and expenditure -minister of france in charge of revenue - british -minister of public works in charge of expenditure - French -took over 50% of the egyptian revenue in order to pay the debt
what were the tanzimat
Tanzimat - reorganization- literally translated as ‘reordering’ or ‘reorganization’ the tanzimat were a series of primarily administrative reforms that were carried out in the ottoman empire in the 19th century and which resulted in many substantial changes not only in the military but also in the civilian sectors of the empire.The Era of Tanzimat (reorganization): 1839-1876
significance
to preserve a crumbling ottoman empire
how they were different
Change in mindset
-idea of equality between muslims and non-muslims(secular mindset)
-mobility in society(because of change in attitude towards education and people who made it to the top)
which European powers got involved in nineteenth century Iran
Russia and Britain
the reasons why they got involved(britain and russia
they wanted to fight over varies cities in Iran, also known as the great game. where russia took cities on the caspian sea(turkestan, azerbaijan, and tajikstan). they also fought over economic reasons such as trade routes to india, and economic opportunties to iran with resources such as silk, cotton and wheat. Russia wanted to weaken iran and britain wanted iran to resist russia’s influence. The British and the Russians. The British got involved because Iran was near India and the Russians got involved because they wanted access to the Persian Gulf.
the ways in which they interfered in the affairs of the country
they were involved in influencing the affairs of the iranian govt. where nasar al-din played off both of the countries and gained economic advantage
the consequences of their interference
their influence and power over the countries, created a revolt within Iran where all citizens boycotted tobacco so that european influence would lessen, therefore lessening nasar al-din’s power.
the two Russo-Persian wars and their consequences
the fourth and fifth russo-persian wars occured from 1804-1813 and 1826-1828. where they fought over territory in the caspian sea. the first war was fought over territory of georgia between russia and persia, where the first war was ended in 1813 with the treaty of golestan, where russia obtained dagestan, and northern azerbaijan. the second war was fought due to alexander I’s death and the decembrist revolt, which lead to the treaty of torkamanchay(feb 1828) where persia gave up yerevan and territory up to the aras river along with 20 million ruble indemnity.
the dates of the First World War
WW1 began on july 28th, 1914
the reasons why the Ottomans entered the war
the ottomans joined due to an alliance w germany, also due to a hate for russia
which side they fought on
the ottomans fought alongside the central powers and joined on oct 28th, 1914
the different promises made during the First World War to the different parties
the entente powers signed agreements saying who gets what territory if they were to win the war from the ottomans in 1915
what were they
-the sykes picot agreement(1915), the balfour declaration(1917, Treaty of Sevres(1920), Treaty of Lausanne,The constantinople agreement in March 1915, husayn-mcmahon correspodence(1915-1916), the armstice of mudros(1918)
why were they made
to split up land in the ottoman empire after it was dissolved to european powers
why did they prove controversial
due to the fact that there was violence and genocide even after the treaties and agreements were signed into existence. and much of the land was taken from the arabs and given to european powers
the new nation-states that came into being in the Middle East in the aftermath of the First World War
palestine, jordan, israel, iraq, syria, lebanon and turkey
Britain got the mandates for Iraq, Palestine, and Transjordan;
France got the mandates for Syria and Lebanon
the new nation-states whose borders were drawn by outsiders
transjordan was drawn up during the creation of the treaty, where france took control of the syrian mandate, along with iraq which was created out of basra, baghdad, and mosul
what was a mandate
To those colonies and territories which as a consequence of the last war have ceased to be under the sovereignty of the states which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of the modern world, there should be applied the principle that the well-being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of civilization and that securities for the performance of that trust should be embodied in the covenant. The best method of giving practical effect to this principle should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience, or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility (pretty much if a country is deemed unable to rule itself it is given to a european country that ultimately takes it over and imperializes it).
