Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Criminal Justice > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(69 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Four functions of the courts

A

Due process, Crime control, Rehabilitation, and Bureaucratic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Due Process

A

Protect rights of individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Crime Control

A

Fair to accused and fair to society

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Rehabilitation

A

A program for reforming the offender to prevent later offenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bureaucratic

A

Deals with cases brought before it; speed and efficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dual court system

A

A court system made up of both federal and state courts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Adversarial process

A

Lawyers for each side represent their clients’ best interests in presenting evidence and formulating arguments as a means to discover the truth and protect the rights of defendants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Inquisitorial Process

A

The court process, in which the judge takes an active role in investigating the case and examining evidence by, for example, questioning witnesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Jurisdiction

A

The official power to make legal decisions and judgments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Magistrate

A

A civil officer charged with the administration of the law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Federal Courts

A

Deal with problems between states; they also handle cases that deal with the Constitution and the laws made by Congress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Criminal Courts

A

Determine the guilt or innocence of persons accused of committing a crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Local Legal Culture

A

Norms shared by members of a court community as to how cases should be handled and how a participant should behave in the judicial process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Courtroom Workgroup

A

Individuals in the workplace on a continuing basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adjudicator

A

Judges must assume a neutral stance in overseeing the contest between the prosecution and the defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Negotiator

A

Responsible for representing the organization at major negotiations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Administrator

A

Manage the courthouse and are in charge of their own courtroom and staff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Defense Attorney

A

The lawyer representing the defendant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Private attorney

A

Hired by defendant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Public defenders

A

The state pays court-appointed attorneys to represent defendants who are unable to hire private counsel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Powell v. Alabama (1932)

A

An attorney must be provided to a poor defendant facing the death penalty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

A

A defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Habeas Corpus

A

Judicial order requesting the release of a person being detained in a jail, prison, or mental hospital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prosecutorial System

A

Prosecuting attorneys make discretionary decisions about whether to pursue criminal charges, which charges to make, and what sentence to recommend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Count
Each separate offense of which a person is accused in an indictment or an information
26
Nolle Prosequi
An entry indicating that the charges specified will not be prosecuted, and the charges are thereby dismissed.
27
Charging
Must decide whether there is reasonable cause, based on the evidence, that suspect committed the offense
28
Initial Appearance
Suspect appears before a judge to hear the charges and determine if bail will be set
29
Preliminary Hearing
A hearing is held to determine if there is sufficient evidence to justify a trial
30
Grand Jury
Jurors decide whether there is enough evidence to proceed with the case (used in the federal system)
31
Bail
A sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial
32
Release on recognizance (ROR)
Pretrial release is granted on the defendant's promise to appear in court because the judge believes that the defendant's ties in the community guarantee that he or she will appear
33
US v. Salerno (1987)
Bail can be denied if the person is dangerous
34
Pretrial detention
Holding an offender in secure confinement before trial
35
Bench Trials
Trials conducted by a judge who acts as fact finder and determines issues of law. No jury participates.
36
Jury Trials
A panel of citizens selected according to law and sworn to determine matters of fact in a criminal case and to deliver a verdict of guilty or not guilty
37
Vior Dire
A preliminary examination of a witness or a juror by a judge or counsel.
38
Opening statements
Statements by opposing attorneys that tell the jury what their cases will prove
39
Prosecution
Party who starts the legal proceedings against another party for a violation of the law
40
Real Evidence
Evidence that consists of physical material or traces of physical activity
41
Demonstrative Evidence
Evidence that is not based on witness testimony but that demonstrates information relevant to the crime
42
Testimony
Oral evidence provided by a legally competent witness
43
Direct Evidence
Evidence that "speaks for itself"
44
Circumstantial evidence
Provided by a witness from which jury must infer a fact
45
Subpoena
A written order issued by a court compelling a person to testify certain physical evidence
46
Rape shield laws
Prohibits use of a victim's previous sexual conduct in court
47
Inadmissible evidence
Evidence that cannot be considered by a judge
48
Direct Examination
The examination of a witness by the attorney who calls the witness to the stand to testify on behalf of the attorney's client
49
Cross-Examination
The questioning of an opposing witness during a trial
50
Rebuttal
Response with contrary evidence
51
Closing Arguments
Arguments made by each side's attorney after the cases for the plaintiff and defendant have been presented
52
Jury Instructions
Judge gives the jury the particular rules of law that apply to the case
53
Deliberations
The jury's formal discussion and debate over what the verdict of a trial will be
54
Arraignment
A hearing in which a suspect is charged and pleads guilty or not guilty
55
Appellate jurisdiction
The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts
56
Concurrent jurisdiction
Authority for both state and federal courts to hear and decide cases
57
Exclusive jurisdiction
Authority of only federal courts to hear and decide cases
58
Scott v. Illinois (1979)
If there is no possibility of confinement, the Sixth Amendment right to counsel does not apply
59
Argersinger v. Hamlin (1972)
Indigent defendants must be provided with attorneys when facing misdemeanor and petty charges that may result in incarceration
60
Santobello v. New York (1971)
When a guilty plea rests on a promise of a prosecutor, the promise must be fulfilled
61
Discovery
A prosecutor's pretrial disclosure to the defense of facts and evidence to be introduced at trial
62
Contract counsel
An attorney in private practice who contracts with the government to represent all indigent defendants in a county during a set period of time and for a specified dollar amount
63
Legislative Branch
Makes laws
64
Executive Branch
Enforces laws
65
Judicial Branch
Interprets the laws
66
Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
Criminal courts with trial jurisdiction over misdemeanor cases and preliminary matters in felony cases
67
Trial courts of general jurisdiction
Criminal courts with jurisdiction over all offenses, including felonies. In some states, these courts also hear appeals.
68
Appellate courts
Courts that do not try criminal cases but hear appeals of decisions of lower courts
69
Courts of last resort
The highest courts in each American court system, typically called supreme courts, hear selected appeals from the lower courts.

Criminal Justice (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions