Quiz 2

Question 1

Which vessel dives into the optic nerve?

Answer 1

central retinal artery

Question 2

What is the most narrow location of the central retinal artery?

Answer 2

where it dives into the optic nerve (goes on to supply blood to the retina)

Question 3

Which nerve supplies motor function to the tongue?

Answer 3

hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 4

Which nerve supplies sensory function to the tongue?

Answer 4

touch/pain/temp = trigeminal (CN V) anterior 2/3, glossopharyngeal (CN IX) posterior 1/3

taste = facial (CN VII) anterior 2/3
glossopharyngeal (CN IX) posterior 1/3

Question 5

What muscle is typically affected in torticollis?

Answer 5

sternocleidomastoid

Question 6

What is the function of the carotid sinus?

Answer 6

baroreceptor (pressure)

massage of the carotid sinus will reduce BP

Question 7

What is the function of the carotid body?

Answer 7

chemoreceptor (senses O2 and CO2)

Question 8

Where is the danger space located?

Answer 8

between the alar fascia and the prevertebral fascia

Question 9

What physical space allows infection to spread from the pharynx to the mediastinum?

Answer 9

danger space

Question 10

The subclavian artery gives rise to which 2 vessels?

Answer 10

vertebral artery and thyrocervical trunk

Question 11

The common carotid artery gives rise to which vessels?

Answer 11

internal carotid
external carotid

Question 12

The external carotid artery gives rise to which 8 vessels?

Answer 12

superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal

Question 13

What is the most cranial branch of the external carotid artery?

Answer 13

superficial temporal

Question 14

What 3 structures does the carotid sheath enclose?

Answer 14

vagus nerve
common carotid artery
internal jugular vein

Question 15

What plexus supplies motor innervation to the pharynx?

Answer 15

pharyngeal plexus

Question 16

The pharyngeal plexus receives neural input from which 3 sources?

Answer 16

glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 17

What artery supplies blood to the palatine tonsils?

Answer 17

facial artery

Question 18

Where do you place the tip of the laryngoscope during endotracheal intubation?

Answer 18

into the epiglottic vallecula

Question 19

What structures compose Waldeyer’s lymphatic ring?

Answer 19

1 pharyngeal tonsil / adenoid
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 lingual tonsil

Question 20

The incisive fossa represents what?

Answer 20

the union of the left and right palatal shelves and the intermaxillary segment

Question 21

What structure encloses the oral cavity proper during swallowing?

Answer 21

soft palate

Question 22

What is the major muscle of the tongue?

Answer 22

genioglossus

only origin, no insertion
controlled by cerebellum

Question 23

Why are granular cells important?

Answer 23

they are a group of excitatory cells in the cerebellum that are very sensitive to EtOH and the source of slurred speech and decreased fine motor coordination

Question 24

When removing the adenoids, which nerve is at risk of being damaged? What effect would that have?

Answer 24

glossopharyngeal; would result in numbness of the pharynx

Question 25

Numbness at the tip of the nose is most likely related to which nerve?

Answer 25

ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve 3 branches to trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

Question 26

What structure/area does the nasolacrimal duct open into?

Answer 26

inferior meatus (this space is inferior to the nasal concha/turbinate)

Question 27

Which bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 27

maxilla and palatine bones

Question 28

What is the significance of Kiesselbach's area?

Answer 28

anterior network of arteries in the nasal cavity; most common site of nosebleeds

Question 29

Venous bleeding of the nose occurs in which area?

Answer 29

posterior (versus arterial which is anterior)

Question 30

If you get cancer on the tip of the tongue, where will the cancer travel first?

Answer 30

submental nodes

Question 31

At what landmark does the recurrent laryngeal nerve change to the inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 31

cricothyroid joint

Question 32

What is the name of the fascia that connects the pharynx to the base of the skull?

Answer 32

pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 33

What is the significance of Zenker's diverticulum?

Answer 33

aka pharyngeal pouch/hypopharyngeal diverticulum; false diverticulum of the mucosa of the pharynx, between the inferior constrictor and the cricopharyngeal muscle

Question 34

What is the significance of a carotid loop?

Answer 34

anomaly in which there is a loop of internal carotid artery posterior to palatine tonsils; important to palpate the posterior wall of the pharynx before removal of the palatine tonsils

Question 35

What is the technical term for the Adam's apple?

Answer 35

laryngeal prominence

Question 36

What vessel must you watch out for during cricothyroidostomy?

Answer 36

cricothyroid artery (could get pushed into the airway)

Question 37

Which vocal folds are located more caudally? How can you tell the difference?

Answer 37

true vocal folds/cords; white in color d/t overlying vocal ligament

Question 38

What is Reinke's edema? What are some common causes?

Answer 38

swelling of the vocal folds d/t fluid collection in Reinke's space; gives them a sac-like appearance, low-pitched husky voice common causes = smoking, GERD, hormone changes (hypothyroidism), and chronic voice abuse

Question 39

What is the "all but one" rule?

Answer 39

All muscles of the larynx receive motor innervation from the inferior/recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve (both are CNA X)

Question 40

What is the function of the external laryngeal nerve?

Answer 40

innervates the cricothyroid muscle which tenses the vocal ligament/pitch regulator

Question 41

What muscle is the only abductor of the vocal folds?

Answer 41

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 42

What nerve is at risk of being damaged during a thyroidectomy?

Answer 42

recurrent laryngeal nerve (and therefore the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Question 43

The laryngeal vestibule receives sensory innervation by which nerve?

Answer 43

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 44

Which artery can be damaged during a tracheostomy?

Answer 44

thyroid ima artery (can result in significant bleeding into the airway)

Question 45

Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve travel?

Answer 45

in the tracheoesophageal groove

Question 46

Damage to which nerve can result in hoarseness of speech?

Answer 46

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 47

Shingles on the lower lip and chin is a result of the disease traveling along which nerve?

Answer 47

mental nerve (a branch of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve)

Question 48

Which nerve allows for mobility of the lower lip?

Answer 48

the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

Question 49

Mumps causes swelling in which area? Associated pain is due to which nerve

Answer 49

parotid gland; auriculotemporal nerve

Question 50

Pharyngeal pouch #1 is associated with which nerve?

Answer 50

trigeminal ganglion/nerve

Question 51

Pharyngeal pouch #2 is associated with which nerve?

Answer 51

facial nerve

Question 52

Pharyngeal pouch #3 is associated with which nerve?

Answer 52

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 53

Pharyngeal pouch #4 is associated with which nerve?

Answer 53

vagus nerve

Question 54

The superior laryngeal artery travels with which nerve?

Answer 54

internal laryngeal nerve *both pierce the thyrohyoid membrane*

Question 55

The superior thyroid artery travels together with which nerve?

Answer 55

external laryngeal nerve

Question 56

Where does cancer of the vocal folds metastasize to?

Answer 56

nowhere; very little lymphatic drainage

Question 57

What is the significance of the Ligament of Berry?

Answer 57

Must be aware of the Ligament of Berry during thyroidectomy d/t its close proximity to the recurrent pharyngeal nerve

Question 58

Where do the maxillary and mandibular processes fuse during embryogenesis?

Answer 58

along a transverse plane and along the midline

Question 59

Where do the maxillary process and medial nasal process fuse during embryogenesis?

Answer 59

along a paramedian plane

Question 60

Which processes form the nose?

Answer 60

medial and lateral nasal processes

Question 61

Which processes form the philtrum?

Answer 61

medial nasal processes of both sides

Question 62

Which processes form the upper lip?

Answer 62

medial nasal process and maxillary process

Question 63

What muscle is responsible for proper smiling?

Answer 63

zygomaticus major muscle

Question 64

What is the function of the frontalis muscle?

Answer 64

raise eyebrows, lower hairline, meet at the line of convergence

Question 65

Which neck muscle is connected to the carotid sheath to help propel blood downward toward the heart?

Answer 65

omohyoid

Question 66

Describe the location of sensory/motor branches of the cervical plexus:

Answer 66

sensory = superficial motor = deep

Question 67

C 3, 4, and 5...

Answer 67

Keeps the diaphragm alive (phrenic nerve)

Question 68

Describe the location of a cric and trach in relation to the thyroid gland.

Answer 68

cric placed above, trach placed below the thyroid gland

Question 69

Describe the vasculature of the thyroid gland

Answer 69

2 arteries (super and inferior thyroid arteries) 3 veins (superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins)

Question 70

Describe Graves' disease

Answer 70

auto-antibody stimulation of the thyroid; TSI imitates the effects of TSH

Question 71

Describe an iodine deficiency

Answer 71

auto-stimulation of thyroid gland --> hyperplasia and goiter

Question 72

Overactive parathyroid glands can cause what effects?

Answer 72

osteopenia d/t overstimulation of osteoclasts