Quiz 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
what is differentiation?
the process by which adult cells’ cell types (neuron, muscle cell, etc.) are decided
differentiation is/not reversible in vivo
not
what is hCG?
hormonal signal produced by the fertilized egg to signal to the ovaries that fertilization has occurred
how does hCG prevent menstruation?
mains the ovarian production of progesterone
weeks 0-7 characteristics
- mainly internal development; not much external development
- primordial lungs, muscles and other structures later become those structures, but reproductive structures can go on to become ovaries or testes
weeks 0-7 kick-off event
the migration of primordial germ cells from the yolk sac to the genital ridges (weeks 4/5)
testosterone production promotes _______ duct differentiation into epididymis & vas deferens
mesonephric
anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) definition
prevents the development of paramesonephric ducts
in the absence of testosterone, __________ ducts degrade
mesonephric
weeks 8-12 characteristics
- cell differentiation begins
- if present, SRY genes will activate
weeks 12-20 characteristics
- Sertoli and Lydia cells will develop in the presence of SRY signals
- in the absence of SRY signals, hymen, the lower vagina, ovaries, and oocytes develop
estrogen and testosterone are secreted by the
gonads
where is testosterone converted into estrogen?
bone tissue
what enzyme converts testosterone into estrogen?
aromatase
at the start of puberty, the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary become ____ sensitive to negative feedback signals
less
at the start of puberty, GnRH begins to be secreted at _____ levels
higher
LH and FHS levels increase, which leads to a(n) ________ in testosterone and estrogen levels
increase
in early stages of puberty, estrogen (or testosterone converted to estrogen) levels are ___ enough to promote bone growth
low
in early stages of puberty, estrogen (or testosterone converted to estrogen) levels are ___ enough to promote growth plate fusion
high
sperm exit route
- produced in the testes
- epididymis (maturation)
- vas deferens (ductus deferens)
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- spongy urethra
androgen receptor (AR) gene is carried on the _______
X chromosome
ARs are expressed in the highest concentrations in the _______
reproductive organs and gonads
AR in testes
- expressed on nurse and interstitial cells
- plays a role in sperm development
AR in ovaries
- expressed on follicles
- plays a role in follicular development
