Quiz 2

Question 1

How do you create recombinant DNA?

Answer 1

enzymes and laboratory techniques manipulate and isolate DNA segments

Question 2

A common technique to separate different fragments of cut DNA so that they can be isolated is ______________________. This technique takes advantage of the negative charge on DNA by using an electrical field to separate DNA molecules based on size.

Answer 2

Electrophoresis

Question 3

What can occur after finishing electrophoresis? (i.e. what is the final product and what can you do with it)

Answer 3

You can combine different pieces of DNA using DNA ligase. You can insert it anywhere you want.

Question 4

DNA libraries are collections of recombinant DNA molecules that can be stably maintained and replicated , via ______________, in a suitable host organism.

Answer 4

Cloning Vectors

Question 5

According to the video PCR, what is the main function of PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?

Answer 5

Provides a way to make more copies of a portion of DNA

Question 6

According to the video PCR, why do we have to use reverse transcriptase in order to complete PCR to diagnosis the disease COVID-19?

Answer 6

convert the RNA to DNA

Question 7

______________ mimics the process of DNA replication and an individual reaction is cycled through a series of steps in which each step is analogous to a step in DNA replication.

Answer 7

PCR

Question 8

During PCR, ______________ is when heat is used to separate strands of double-stranded DNA, _______________ is when primers provide the 3’ OH required for elongation by DNA polymerase, and _____________ is the last step and when the DNA polymerase makes new DNA

Answer 8

Denaturation, Primers, Synthesizing

Question 9

Who is using DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 9

Law Enforcement

Question 10

What is DNA fingerprinting?

Answer 10

it takes advantage of short repeating sequences that are going to vary amongst individuals

Question 11

Which statement does not describe one of the three things we can now do involving gene editing?

Answer 11

Activate Human Genomes, Edit Alleles, and Oncogense

Question 12

Which statement describes one of the main ways we can edit genes in vivo (we discussed two in class)?

Answer 12

transgenesis

Question 13

How are using knockin animals (specifically mice) during genetic research useful?

Answer 13

They have a normal allele replaced with an allele that has a specific alteration

Question 14

A ______________ has a normal allele replaced with an allele that has a specific genetic alteration (i.e. a mutation). Fill in the blank.

Answer 14

mice/ mouse

Question 15

How are using knockout animals during genetic research useful?

Answer 15

They allow for us to test what different outcomes there are after changing an allele or turning it off

Question 16

A ______________ is one that has had a gene inactivated so that the function of the gene is lost.

Answer 16

knockout animal

Question 17

How do we know (through experimentation) that there are similarities between nuclear genomes of different species?

Answer 17

Transgenesis, genes inside the nucleus are extremely similar

Question 18

Which statement describes a way CRISPR/cas9 can be utilized? (we discussed a few answers to this question in class)

Answer 18

activate the genome of a human

Question 19

According to the video CRISPR Gene-Editing Reality Check, what is one of the limitations of using CRISPR within humans?

Answer 19

Just because we can find the target doesn’t mean we can make accurate chang