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quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

pragmatics

A

the study of how appropriate a meaning is in a given situation/context

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2
Q

semantics

A

linguistic study of meaning

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3
Q

polysemy

A

words that have the same forms and multiple related meanings

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4
Q

homophony

A

different meanings but pronounced the same way (and may or may not have the same spelling)

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5
Q

synonyms

A

words that are very closely related/have the same meaning in some or all contexts

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6
Q

antonyms

A

two words with opposite meanings

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7
Q

lexical ambiguity

A

at least one words in a phrase has more than one meaning (often based on homophony and polysemy

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8
Q

phonetics

A

the study of the physical sounds of human speech

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9
Q

oral

A

air exits only from oral cavity, bilabial oral stop: buy

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10
Q

nasal

A

air exits through oral and nasal cavities, bilabial nasal stop: my

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11
Q

voiceless

A

free flow of air, voiceless bilabial stop: pie

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12
Q

voiced

A

vocal folds vibrate, voiced bilabial stop: buy

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13
Q

consonants

A

sounds that obstruct air flow

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14
Q

vowels

A

sounds that don’t obstruct

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15
Q

manner of articulation

A

the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth

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16
Q

place of articulation

A

The point of maximum constriction is made by the coming together of the two lips

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17
Q

phonology

A

is the study the mental representation and organisation of those phonetic signals

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18
Q

phoneme

A

are the smallest linguistic units (building blocks) available to a language for combining into words

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19
Q

allophone

A

are the linguistically non-significant variants of each phoneme. In other words a phoneme may be realised by more than one speech sound and the selection of each variant is usually conditioned by the phonetic environment of the phoneme

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20
Q

complementary distribution

A

a situation in which sound variants never occur in the same phonetic environment

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21
Q

minimal pairs & contrast

A

pairs of words differing by only one sound in the same position in each word if the items of the pair have different meanings the two sounds are contrastive

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22
Q

phonotactic constraints

A

rules concerning permissible phoneme combinations within a syllable are an example of language specific rules

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23
Q

morpheme

A

the parts of the words that carry meaning-meaning bearing linguistic units

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24
Q

content words

A

words that carry semantic content (e.g: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)

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25
function words
words taht specify grammatical relations rather than have semantic content (a, an, the, and, but, or)
26
free morpheme
a part of a word that can be a word by itself
27
bound morpheme
a morpheme that cannot stand alone but rather must occur with another morpheme
28
derivational morpheme
a morpheme that changes that changes the meaning and for grammatical category of a word (-ness, -ly, -er, -y)
29
inflectional morpheme
a morpheme that alters the grammatical form of a word, without changing meaning (-s, -er (comparing), -ing, ed, 's)
30
affixation
creating a new derivation or inflection by adding affixes (bound morpheme) to a base
31
reduplication
creating a new derivation or inflection by repeating all or part of an existing word
32
blending
creating a new word from parts of two (or more) existing words
33
compoundings
creating a new word by combing two or more existing (free morphemes)
34
clipping
creating anew word by shortening existing multi-syllable words
35
backformation
creating a new word by removing an affix (real or misanalysed) from another in the language (editor (noun) > edit (verb))
36
prefixes
affix before a base
37
suffixes
affix after a base
38
infixes
affix within a base
39
circumfixes
affixes surrounding a base
40
use varying degrees of affixation to form words including morphemes representing grammatical relationships, making word order less important
synthetic language
41
analytic languages
use sequences of free morphemes as words (i.e. concepts are represented by separate words rather than affixes) which results in more dependence on word order to represent grammatical relationships
42
the study of how appropriate a meaning is in a given situation/context
pragmatics
43
linguistic study of meaning
semantics
44
words that have the same forms and multiple related meanings
polysemy
45
different meanings but pronounced the same way (and may or may not have the same spelling)
homophony
46
words that are very closely related/have the same meaning in some or all contexts
synonyms
47
two words with opposite meanings
antonyms
48
at least one words in a phrase has more than one meaning (often based on homophony and polysemy
lexical ambiguity
49
the study of the physical sounds of human speech
phonetics
50
air exits only from oral cavity, bilabial oral stop: buy
oral
51
air exits through oral and nasal cavities, bilabial nasal stop: my
nasal
52
free flow of air, voiceless bilabial stop: pie
voiceless
53
vocal folds vibrate, voiced bilabial stop: buy
voiced
54
sounds that obstruct air flow
consonants
55
sounds that don't obstruct
vowels
56
the way the airstream is affected as it flows from the lungs and out the nose and mouth
manner of articulation
57
is a location along the vocal tract where the production of a consonant occurs
place of articulation
58
is the study the mental representation and organisation of those phonetic signals
phonology
59
are the smallest linguistic units (building blocks) available to a language for combining into words
phoneme
60
any of the various phonetic realisations of a phoneme in a language, which do not contribute to distinctions of meaning
allophone
61
a situation in which sound variants never occur in the same phonetic environment
complementary distribution
62
pairs of words differing by only one sound in the same position in each word if the items of the pair have different meanings the two sounds are contrastive
minimal pairs & contrast
63
rules concerning permissible phoneme combinations within a syllable are an example of language specific rules
phonotactic constraints
64
the parts of the words that carry meaning-meaning bearing linguistic units
morpheme
65
words that carry semantic content (e.g: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs)
content words
66
words taht specify grammatical relations rather than have semantic content (a, an, the, and, but, or)
function words
67
a part of a word that can be a word by itself
free morpheme
68
a morpheme that cannot stand alone but rather must occur with another morpheme
bound morpheme
69
a morpheme that changes that changes the meaning and for grammatical category of a word (-ness, -ly, -er, -y)
derivational morpheme
70
a morpheme that alters the grammatical form of a word, without changing meaning (-s, -er (comparing), -ing, ed, 's)
inflectional morpheme
71
creating a new derivation or inflection by adding affixes (bound morpheme) to a base
affixation
72
creating a new derivation or inflection by repeating all or part of an existing word
reduplication
73
creating a new word from parts of two (or more) existing words
blending
74
creating a new word by combing two or more existing (free morphemes)
compoundings
75
creating anew word by shortening existing multi-syllable words
clipping
76
creating a new word by removing an affix (real or misanalysed) from another in the language (editor (noun) > edit (verb))
backformation
77
affix before a base
prefixes
78
affix after a base
suffixes
79
affix within a base
infixes
80
affixes surrounding a base
circumfixes
81
use varying degrees of affixation to form words including morphemes representing grammatical relationships, making word order less important
synthetic language
82
use sequences of free morphemes as words (i.e. concepts are represented by separate words rather than affixes) which results in more dependence on word order to represent grammatical relationships
analytic languages

Linguistics (2 decks)

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