Quiz 2

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

substances that mimics NT; binds to synaptic receptors and activates receptor on cells

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

substance that binds to and blocks activation of certain receptors on cells

Question 3

do you need more or less of a competitive agonist to have an effect

Answer 3

MORE

Question 4

Non-competitve v Competitive

Answer 4

NT binding spot; competitive agonist will compete for binding site while noncompetitive will be like okay i’ll bind over here

Question 5

Affinitiy

Answer 5

strength of binding between ligand and receptor

Question 6

to build and activate, you need:

Answer 6

Higher concentration of low affinity drug
or
Lower concentration of higher affinity drug

Question 7

Low affinity

Answer 7

few receptors bound at high drug concentration

Question 8

High affinity

Answer 8

good receptor binding at low drug concentraton

Question 9

Hallucinogens

Answer 9

-affects the senses and perception
-act on serotonergic pathways

Question 10

Reward system is made up of__ and __

Answer 10

mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways

Question 10

Stimulants

Answer 10

-speed up function of CNS
-act on dopaminergic pathways in reward system

Question 11

Mesolimbic pathway

Answer 11

Ventral tegmental to nucleus accumbens to prefrontal cortex

Controls what we feel (emotions and behavior)

Question 12

Mesocortical pathway

Answer 12

Ventral tegmental to prefrontal cortex

How we RESPOND to feelings(cognition, motivation, emo response)

Question 13

How reward system works..

Answer 13

Dopamine, GABA, and glutamate release from VTA to PFC creating a positive feedback loop

Question 14

Alcohol

Answer 14

most widely used dreug
*left with more anxiety when sober and neural damage to frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum

Primarily binds to GABA receptors

Question 15

LSD, psilocybin, mescaline

Answer 15

causes altered sensory experience

binds and activates serotonin receptors which regulates everything

Question 16

Cannabis

Answer 16

Dopamine goes up because THC stimulates neurons in nucleus accumbens

Question 17

Meth/Cocaine

Answer 17

stimulant, blocks NA+channels
Increase of dopamine in brain and blocks reuptake

Question 18

What do drugs do?

Answer 18

Uncontrolled release of dopamine(or impacted nt) from vesicles into the neuron
Blockage of transporters (keeps nt abnormally high)
Withdrawal of postsynaptic receptors (too much stimulation from the nt causes this)
Depletion of available dopamine/nt in the presynaptic cell
Increased breakdown of DA extracellularly by MAO (monoamine oxidases that break down monoamines)

Question 19

Limbic System

Answer 19

5th lobe found in Cingulate cortex in forebrain

Question 20

Limbic system

Answer 20

Made up of major components are involved with motivation and drives, emotion, learning, and memory
* Cingulate Gyrus
* Hippocampus
* Hypothalamus
* Amygdala

Question 21

Nigrostriatal dopamine pathway

Answer 21

Substantia nigra to striatum

production of movement

Question 22

Tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway

Answer 22

Hypothalamus to pituatiry gland

regulates hormone release

Question 23

Environment and perception

Answer 23

generalization and categorization of objects

Question 24

Constancy

Answer 24

the ability of the systems to recognize the same object from various sensory inputs

Question 25

Histamine

Answer 25

wakes you up and keeps you up

Question 26

Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus

Answer 26

inhibits parts of brains that make you sleepy by increasing GABA when excited

Question 27

Median preoptic nucelus

Answer 27

keeps thalamus and brainstem asleep in dark by increasing GABA and decreasing acetyl, nore, and serotnin

Question 28

Serotonin

Answer 28

released by raphe region of pons and upper brainstem at onset of sleep ionotropic(ion channel) or metabotropic(intracellular response)

Question 29

Norepinephrine

Answer 29

synthesized from dopamine produced and released from the locus coeruleus (brainstem) functions for alertness and arousal

Question 30

acetylcholine

Answer 30

plasticity arousal and reward produced by NS (basal forebrain, ppt, ldt and thalamus)