quiz 2

Question 1

organization of cells

Answer 1

cells
tissues
organs
systems
organism

Question 2

how do substances move across the cell membrane

Answer 2

passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion)
and active transport (needs ATP)

Question 3

what happens during cellular metabolism

Answer 3

nutrients are broken down into energy then converted into ATP for anaerobic or aerobic metabolism

Question 4

how do cells communicate

Answer 4

gap junctions
autocrine
paracrine
endocrine
and synaptic signaling

Question 5

autocrine

Answer 5

cell releases a chemical into the ECF that affects its own activity

Question 6

paracrine

Answer 6

acts on nearby cells

Question 7

endocrine

Answer 7

relies on hormones carried in the bloodstream to cells in the body

Question 8

synaptic

Answer 8

neurotransmitters released from neurons act on cells at the synapse

Question 9

the 4 types of cellular tissue

Answer 9

epithelial
connective
muscle
neural

Question 10

epithelial tissue covers

Answer 10

outer, GI, GU, respiratory tract

Question 11

connective tissue includes

Answer 11

connect body structures like bones, joints and blood cells

Question 12

muscle tissue

Answer 12

specialized; able to contract
skeletal, cardiac (involuntary) and smooth muscle (involuntary)

Question 13

how do cardiac cells communicate

Answer 13

through gap junctions

Question 14

neural tissue

Answer 14

consists of neurons and neuroglia cells, used for communication in the body and divided into the CNS and the PNS

Question 15

CNS

Answer 15

brain and spinal cord

Question 16

atrophy

Answer 16

decreases in size of cell

Question 17

hypertrophy

Answer 17

increase in cell size due to increased workload

Question 18

hyperplasia

Answer 18

increase. in number of cells ie bigger boobs when preg

Question 19

metaplasia

Answer 19

replacement of one adult cell with another that can endure the stress

Question 20

dysplasia

Answer 20

deranged cell growth with abnormal size, shape and appearance (pre cursor to cancer)

Question 21

what structures are responsible for maintaining homeostasis

Answer 21

medulla oblongata
pituitary gland
reticular formation

Question 22

negative feedback mechanism

Answer 22

works to restore homeostasis by correcting deficit within the system ie sweating

Question 23

positive feedback mechanism

Answer 23

occurs when hormone secretion triggers additional hormone secretion ie labor

Question 24

exogenous

Answer 24

external developing factors

Question 25

endogenous

Answer 25

internal cause or origin

Question 26

membrane potential

Answer 26

combination of sodium and potassium potential

Question 27

apoptosis

Answer 27

controlled cell destruction

Question 28

necrosis

Answer 28

disorganized cells each, characterized by swelling, membrane rupture and inflammation

Question 29

metastatic

Answer 29

spreads through the blood and lymphatic system

Question 30

hypertonic

Answer 30

water leaves the cell

Question 31

isotonic

Answer 31

equal distribution between ECF and ICF

Question 32

hypotonic

Answer 32

water comes in from the solutes- use this if someone is dehydrated

Question 33

initiation

Answer 33

change of a cells DNA --- direct invasion or extension

Question 34

promotion

Answer 34

spreads through seeding into body cavities

Question 35

progression

Answer 35

metastatic spread

Question 36

cancer cachexia

Answer 36

multifaceted syndrome characterized by weight loss, anemia, anorexia and asthenia