quiz 2

Question 1

Victimology

Answer 1

the study of the role of the victim in the crime

Question 2

Victim Precipitation Theory

Answer 2

victims initiate the confrontation that results in crime

Question 3

Active Victim Precipitation Theory

Answer 3

come over here and say that!

Question 4

Passive Victim Precipitation Theory

Answer 4

Wrong place, wrong time

Question 5

Lifestyle theories for victim precipitation theory

Answer 5

high-risk lifestyle, equivalent group, proximity, deviant place

Question 6

Routine Activities

Answer 6

available suitable target, lack of capable guardians, motivated offenders

Question 7

Costs

Answer 7

Property, productivity, medical bills, insurance increase, lower property values, fear, decreased quality of life

Question 8

Murder costs

Answer 8

$9M

Question 9

Rape costs

Answer 9

$240k

Question 10

Robbery costs

Answer 10

$42k

Question 11

Household Burglary costs

Answer 11

$6k

Question 12

Stolen property costs

Answer 12

$8k

Question 13

Victim Fear

Answer 13

women more so than men, behavioral change, relocation, trauma

Question 14

Crime begets

Answer 14

criminal behavior and victimization

Question 15

Cycle of Violence

Answer 15

pass it down generation to generation

Question 16

victim rate is highest among

Answer 16

teens and young adults (13-25)

Question 17

the older we get

Answer 17

victimization decreases

Question 18

65 and older are the

Answer 18

2% ers (except fraud, purse snatching, check theft)

Question 19

Elder abuse is expected to

Answer 19

grow

Question 20

poverty correlated to

Answer 20

victimization

Question 21

crime is (race)

Answer 21

intra-racial

Question 22

african- americans are

Answer 22

more likely victimized, 56% homocides

Question 23

marriage reduces

Answer 23

victimization

Question 24

Target vulnerability

Answer 24

cant defend themselves, make it easier to victimize, ex: elderly

Question 25

Target gratifiability

Answer 25

You have something I want

Question 26

Target antogonism

Answer 26

characteristic or behavior that can cause the offender to elicit anger or jealousy

Question 27

After the crime

Answer 27

victim compensation, victim advocacy, impact statements

Question 28

sometimes victimes are not

Answer 28

blameless

Question 29

the enlightenment

Answer 29

important social/intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century

Question 30

the enlightenment emphasized

Answer 30

free will and rational thought and moved away from superstition and sin

Question 31

Humans are

Answer 31

fundamentally rational

Question 32

pain and pleasure

Answer 32

are the 2 central determinants of human behavior

Question 33

punishment deters

Answer 33

law violators and to serve as an example to others

Question 34

the principles of right and wrong are

Answer 34

inherent in our nature and cannot be denied

Question 35

society provides benefits

Answer 35

to individuals that they would not receive in isolation

Question 36

society requires individuals

Answer 36

to forfeit some benefits

Question 37

certain key rights are

Answer 37

necessary to enjoy life

Question 38

crime lessens the quality of the bond that exists between

Answer 38

individuals and society

Question 39

Cesare Beccaria

Answer 39

Essay on Crimes and Punishments, punishment is based on the degree of injury caused, punishment must be swift and certain but severe enough to just outweigh the benefits from the crime

Question 40

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 40

An Introduction to the Principles of Moral Legislation, people are rational and weigh the consequences of behavior, punishment must be swift and certain

Question 41

Offense Specific

Answer 41

Is it worth it? Risks? Can I get away? Who will buy stolen goods? Anybody home/watching?

Question 42

Offender Specific

Answer 42

Do I have the skills and ability? Do I need to commit or am I desperate for $? Can I commit other crimes instead?

Question 43

Criminality

Answer 43

peers and guardians, sneaky thrills, economic need/ opportunity, competence and experience

Question 44

Crime

Answer 44

place and time: anybody home? choosing target, the get away!

Question 45

Situational Choice Theory

Answer 45

crime as a function of choices and decisions made within a context of situational constraints and opportunities, crime requires both motivation and opportunity, reduce crime by changing the environment

Question 46

Situational Crime Prevention

Answer 46

increase effort involved in crime, increase risks associated with crime, reduce rewards of crime, reduce provocations leading to crime, remove excuses

Question 47

Is crime rational?

Answer 47

yes, some cases

Question 48

Hard Determinism

Answer 48

Positivist Criminology

Question 49

Free Will

Answer 49

Classical Criminology

Question 50

Neoclassical view adds

Answer 50

retribution

Question 51

Just Deserts

Answer 51

just enough punishment to make you stop, he got his "just deserts"

Question 52

specific Detterence

Answer 52

seeks to prevent a particular offender from repeating criminality

Question 53

general deterrence

Answer 53

seeks to prevent others from committing similar crimes

Question 54

Determinate sentencing (legislative)

Answer 54

mandates a specific and fixed amount of time to be served for each offense category

Question 55

Truth in sentencing

Answer 55

individuals in prison are required to serve 85% of their sentence before release

Question 56

Incapacitation

Answer 56

the use of imprisonment to reduce likelihood that an offender will be able to commit future crimes