Quiz 2

Question 1

What are body functions?

Answer 1

physiological functions of the body systems

Question 2

What section of the OTPF-IV is body functions under?

Answer 2

client factors Table 9

Question 3

What are the 9 categories of body functions?

Answer 3

mental, sensory,
neuromusculoskeletal/movement,
cardiovascular/hematological/
immune/respiratory, voice + speech, digestive/metabolic/endocrine, genitourinary/reproductive, skin/hair

Question 4

What are the specific mental funtion?

Answer 4

higher level cognitive, attention, memory, perception, thought, sequencing, emotional, experience of time + self

Question 5

What are the global mental functions?

Answer 5

consciousness, orientation, psychosocial, temperament + personality, energy, sleep

Question 6

What is judgment vs. cognitive flexibility?

Answer 6

judgment -> right vs. wrong
cognitive flexibility -> shift behavior

Question 7

What are the sensory functions?

Answer 7

visual, hearing, vestibular, taste, smell, propioception, touch, interoception, pain, temp + pressure

Question 8

What is the difference between sensory and perceptual function?

Answer 8

sensory -> whole systems
perceptual -> interpretation

Question 9

What is the difference between vestibular and propioceptive functions?

Answer 9

vestibular -> orientation of head
propioception -> perception of movement

Question 10

What are the neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions?

Answer 10

functions of joint + bones (mobility + stability), muscle functions (power, tone, endurance), movement functions (motor reflexes, involuntary reactions, voluntary, gait patterns)

Question 11

What is muscle tone?

Answer 11

degree of muscle tension that is completely neurological

Question 12

What are the cardiovascular, hematological, immunological, and respiratory systems functions?

Answer 12

cardiovascular (BP, HR + rhythm), hematological + immune (protection against foreign substances, infection + allergies), respiratory (rate, rhythm, + depth), addition functions (endurance, aerobic capacity, stamina, fatigue)

Question 13

What are the voice and speech functions?

Answer 13

fluency, rhythm , alternative vocalization

Question 14

What are the skin and related structures functions?

Answer 14

protection, repair

Question 15

What are body structures?

Answer 15

anatomical parts that support body function (limbs, organs + organ structure)

Question 16

What are the steps to identify body structures?

Answer 16

1. match body functions w/
   structures
2. identify parts used
3. determine parts that contact
   external forces
4. identify structures needed
5. key to understand function

Question 17

Does an OT have to know the extensive list of body structures?

Answer 17

No, it depends on the specialty

Question 18

What are performance skills?

Answer 18

abilities demonstrated through actions

Question 19

What are the qualities of performance skills?

Answer 19

observable, concrete, can be learned + improved over time

Question 20

What are the 3 performance skills?

Answer 20

motor, process + social interaction

Question 21

What are the steps to determine performance skills?

Answer 21

1. identification - examine each step
   in activity
2. intervention ideas
3. treatment
4. mastery (cyclical process)

Question 22

What are motor skills?

Answer 22

related to moving oneself or moving + interacting w/ objects;
utilized to move in or interact w/ environment + objects

Question 23

What are the types of motor skills?

Answer 23

stabilizes, aligns, positions -> related
to body
reaches, bends, grips, manipulates ->
related to objects
coordinates, moves, lifts, transports,
calibrates, flows -> related to
moving oneself + objects
endures, paces -> related to
sustaining performance

Question 24

What are process skills?

Answer 24

selecting, interacting w/ + using objects, carrying out steps + preventing problems; require mental functions

Question 25

What are the types of process skills?

Answer 25

paces, attends, heeds -> sustaining performance chooses, uses, handles, inquires -> applying knowledge initiates, continues, sequences, terminates -> organizing timing notice/responds, adjusts, accommodates, benefits ->adapting performance

Question 26

What are social interaction skills?

Answer 26

communicating + interacting w/ other either directly or indirectly; relies on social demands for particular activity

Question 27

What are the types of social interaction skills?

Answer 27

approaches/starts, concludes/disengages -> initiating + terminating produce speech, gesticulates, speaks fluently -> producing social interaction turns toward, looks, places, self, touches, regulates -> physical supports questions, replies, discloses, expresses emotions, disagrees, thanks -> shaping content of social interaction transitions, times response, times duration, takes turns -> maintaining flow matches language, clarifies, acknowledges/encourages, empathizes -> verbal supports

Question 28

What is the evaluation process?

Answer 28

occupational analysis, occupational profile, assessment or occupational demands, intervention plan

Question 29

What are outcomes?

Answer 29

end result of OT process

Question 30

What are the specific outcomes?

Answer 30

occupational performance, improvement, enhancement, prevention, health + wellness, QOL, participation, role competence, well-being, occupational justice

Question 31

What are approaches?

Answer 31

how we can help clients meet their goals

Question 32

What are the kinds of approaches to intervention?

Answer 32

create/promote, establish/restore, maintain, modify, prevent

Question 33

What is the create/promote approach?

Answer 33

no disability present - provides enriched experiences

Question 34

What is the establish/restore approach?

Answer 34

establish new ability or restore diminished one

Question 35

What is the maintain approach?

Answer 35

preserve performance

Question 36

What is the modify approach?

Answer 36

adapting

Question 37

What is the prevent approach?

Answer 37

prevent barriers to performance or well-being - often through education

Question 38

What is grading?

Answer 38

gradually increase or decrease performance demands by changing objects/tools, social demands, supporting structures, level of A, or environment

Question 39

What is adapting?

Answer 39

a form of grading that makes activity easier by changing activity demands or contexts

Question 40

What are some examples of adaptationg?

Answer 40

AT or ergonomics

Question 41

What are the intervention types?

Answer 41

occupations + activities, interventions to support occupations, education + training, advocacy, group interventions, virtual interventions

Question 42

What are interventions to support occupations?

Answer 42

prep activities, orthotics + prosthetics, AT, environment modifications, etc.

Question 43

What is education?

Answer 43

knowledge to help client acquire healthy behaviors, habits, etc.

Question 44

What is training?

Answer 44

help client acquire concrete skills for meeting specific goals

Question 45

What is advocacy?

Answer 45

advocating for client or helping them self-advocate

Question 46

What is group intervention?

Answer 46

explore + develop skills for participation (social interaction, self-regulation, positive choice making)

Question 47

What is virtual intervention?

Answer 47

telehealth + mHealth

Question 48

What is diagnostic reasoning?

Answer 48

recognition of clinical patterns based on disease or impairments

Question 49

What is clinical reasoning?

Answer 49

collect + process info to understand client needs

Question 50

What is the clinical reasoning process?

Answer 50

1. consider client + referral info 2. develop clinical hypothesis 3. use targeted data collection + problem-solving to evaluate hypothesis 4. test + refine hypothesis 5. appraise evidence

Question 51

What is client and referral information?

Answer 51

1st contact w/ client; occupational profile

Question 52

What is a clinical hypothesis?

Answer 52

data gathering, standard protocols + alternative approaches, consider info in context, reflection

Question 53

What is data collection, problem-solving, and hypotheses evaluation?

Answer 53

problem solving -> discover, analyze + resolve difficulties based on nature of problem + clinician expertise

Question 54

What are the types of problem-solving strategies?

Answer 54

algorithm = step-by-step heuristic = general rule trial + error = ruling out insight = mental process

Question 55

What is testing and refining the hypothesis?

Answer 55

progress toward objective; what is working, needs to be changed or removed all together

Question 56

What is appraising the evidence?

Answer 56

using info is the foundation for decision making - happens in beginning as well