Quiz 2

Question 1

Synapse

Answer 1

The connection between two neurons or a neuron or an effector

Question 2

Neurotransmitter

Answer 2

Chemical messengers, secreted by neurons to carry a neural signal to another neuron or an effector

Question 3

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 3

The neurotransmitters causes the ion channels to open in the postsynaptic neuron

• Sodium flows in and the neuron becomes depolarized

Question 4

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 4

Triggers potassium channels to open and potassium to flow out

-hyperpolarized

Question 5

Nor epinephrin

Answer 5

Used by the brain and some autonomic neurons

Question 6

Serotonin

Answer 6

Inhibitory neurotransmitter that regulates temperature and sensory perception
-Involved in mood control

Question 7

Acetylcholine

Answer 7

An excitatory neurotransmitter
- Causes depolarization and muscle contraction

Question 8

Cholinesterase

Answer 8

An enzyme released into the synapse to break down acetylcholine

• Allows, the ion channels to close in the membrane to re-polarize

Question 9

Summation

Answer 9

When both a and B fire simultaneously, then threshold in D is reached

Question 10

Brain

Answer 10

Contained within the skull and meninges and surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid

Question 11

Meninges

Answer 11

Three protective membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Question 12

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 12

Circulates in between the inner and middle and through the central part of the spinal cord

• Act as a shock, absorber and transport medium for nutrients and waste

Question 13

Blood brain barrier

Answer 13

Menning’s prevent direct circulation of blood through the cells of the brain and spinal cord

• Forms a barrier that blocks toxins and infectious agents
• Important nutrients like glucose oxygen are still able to pass through

Question 14

Cerebellum

Answer 14

Coordination of posture, reflexes, body movements, and fine voluntary motor skills

• Receives information from proprio receptor

Question 15

Medulla oblongata

Answer 15

Connect brain and spinal cord
- Controls autonomic responses

Question 16

Pons

Answer 16

Relay station between the neurons in the two hemispheres of the brain, cerebellum and the rest of the brain

Question 17

Midbrain

Answer 17

Relay visual and auditory information between different areas
- Important role in movement and control of skeletal muscle

Question 18

Thalamus

Answer 18

Relay station of the brain

Question 19

Hypothalamus

Answer 19

Regulates the bodies, internal environment in certain aspects of behaviour
- Controls the increase/decrease of blood pressure heart rate body temperature basic drives and emotions

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

Largest portion of the brain
- Contains centres for intellect, memory, consciousness, language

Question 21

Left and right sides of the brain

Answer 21

Linked by a bundle of white matter, called the corpus callosum

• right: holistic thinking, artistic abilities, visual spatial skills
• left: sequential, logical thinking, linguistic, and mathematical skills

Question 22

Occipital lobe

Answer 22

Receives an analyze, visual information

Question 23

Temporal lobe

Answer 23

Auditory reception

Question 24

Parietal lobe

Answer 24

Process sensory information from the skin

Question 25

Frontal lobe

Answer 25

Integrate information from other parts of the brain, reasoning, critical thinking, memory, personality, speech and contain areas that control varies as aspects of precise, voluntary motor movement

Question 26

Spinal cord

Answer 26

Information from the effectors to the brain

Question 27

Sensory receptor

Answer 27

Nerve endings and cells a detected sensory information

Question 28

Sensory adaptation

Answer 28

When the brain filters out repeated or unimportant information

Question 29

Photoreceptors

Answer 29

Stimulated by light energy

Question 30

Chemo receptors

Answer 30

Stimulated by certain chemicals

Question 31

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 31

Respond to some form of pressure

Question 32

Thermo receptor

Answer 32

Detect heat and cold

Question 33

Neurotransmitter

Answer 33

Chemical secreted by neurons to carry a neural signal to another neuron or an effector

Question 34

Excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 34

The neurotransmitters caused the ion channels to open in the postsynaptic nueron -Sodium flows in and the neuron becomes depolarized

Question 35

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 35

Triggers potassium to open and potassium to flow out - Neuron becomes hyperpolarized

Question 36

Iris

Answer 36

Regulate amount of light entering the eye - pupil dilates in low light and constricts in bright light

Question 37

Cornea

Answer 37

First bends light toward the pupil - refraction

Question 38

Lens

Answer 38

Bi- convex to bend light to a focal point

Question 39

Fovia centralis

Answer 39

Where the light is focussed to

Question 40

Rods

Answer 40

Very sensitive to light Black and white Motion and peripheral Outer edges of retina

Question 41

Cones

Answer 41

Color sensors Concentrated at fovea centralis Red green and blue cones that detect those wavelengths

Question 42

Accommodation

Answer 42

Reflexes made by lens and pupil for near and distant objects - ciliary relax and suspensions tighten for distant ( thinner lens and more bent light) - vise Versa for close

Question 43

Retina

Answer 43

Sends visual info through the optic nerve to the thalamus then to the occipital lobe

Question 44

Functions of the ear

Answer 44

Hearing and balance

Question 45

Ossicles

Answer 45

Contain the malleus, incus and stapes - amplify the vibrations - muscles join the bones to protect against excessive noise( contract which dampen movement and move stapes away)

Question 46

Oval window

Answer 46

Receive the vibration from the ossicles, is then pushed inward and moves fluid

Question 47

Cochlea

Answer 47

Receives fluid vibration and converts to electrical impulses

Question 48

Organ of corti

Answer 48

Hearing apparatus within the cochlea - fluid movement causes hair to bend

Question 49

Basilar membrane

Answer 49

Attached to hair cells which are synapsed to the auditory nerve

Question 50

Loudness and pitch of the inner ear

Answer 50

High pitched stimulate cilia in the first parts of the cochlea - low pitched noises move father along the cochlea

Question 51

Static equilibrium

Answer 51

Otrical and saccule are fluid filled sacs which detect head position - otolits- move when head is not in normal position

Question 52

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 52

Semi circular canes that maintain balance - contain an appulla - movement causes fluid to move and cilia to bend