Quiz 2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
added sugars
Monosaccharides: Glucose, fructose, and galactose are monosaccharides that ferment with yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide
Disaccharides: Sucrose and lactose are disaccharides that must be broken down into monosaccharides before they can ferment
fat
Saturated fats
Fatty acid chains have only single bonds between carbon atoms
Found in animal fats
Monounsaturated fats
Considered a healthy fat
Found in avocados, macadamia nuts, peanuts, olives, and olive oil
Helps protect the heart
Polyunsaturated fats
Considered a healthy fat
Found in plant and animal foods such as salmon, vegetable oils, and some nuts and seeds
Helps with brain function and cell growth
**Trans fats **
Also known as partially hydrogenated oils
**Fatty acids **
Long carbon tails with a carboxylic acid group at one end
Found in lipids, including phospholipids, glycolipids, and triacylglycerols
Phospholipids are major parts of cell membranes
**Lipids **
Also called fats or oils
protein
a large, complex molecule composed of long chains of amino acids, essential for various bodily functions including structure, function, and regulation of tissues and organs
carbohydrate
a type of molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
breaks down into glucose in the blood stream
Calorie (kcal)
used to describe the energy-producing potential of food. A one gram calorie is equal to 4.1840 joules.
macronutrient (macro)
provide energy and help the body function properly.
percent daily value
%DV is calculated by dividing the nutrient amount in a serving by the recommended daily amount, then multiplying by 100.
(amount of nutrient per serving / recommended daily value) x 100 = % dv
food insecurity
occurs when people don’t have access to enough food or the right kind of food.
food desert
areas where people have limited access to a variety of healthful foods
active site
the specific region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction
amylase
primarily produced by the salivary glands and pancreas in the human body; it essentially initiates the digestion of starch by breaking its glycosidic bonds
biofuel
fuels made from living organisms, like plants, algae, or animal waste
Biodiesel, Ethanol, Biogas, Biobutanol, Biomethane
catalyze
to significantly speed up a chemical reaction by the action of a biological catalyst, most commonly an enzyme
chemical reaction
it’s a rearrangement of atoms to create new molecules necessary for life functions within a cell.
enzyme
Speed up biochemical reactions, and are often called catalysts.
Lactase and pepsin are examples of enzymes that help with digestion.
fermentation
a way for cells to generate energy when oxygen is not available
metabolism
the process of breaking down food to generate energy and build new molecules within the body.
product
a substance or medicine derived from living organisms, such as cells, tissues, or microorganisms
substrate
a surface or substance that an organism uses for growth, food, or support
depth of field
the thickness of a specimen that appears in focus under a microscope at a given magnification
field of view
the visible area you can see through a microscope lens
microbiome
the community of microorganisms (such as fungi, bacteria and viruses) that exists in a particular environment.
microorganism (microbe)
tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye, requiring a microscope to observe them
ocular lens
magnifies an image produced by a microscope’s objective lens.
