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SPP 151 > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What are the two basic types of Arab political systems?

A

Monarchies and Republics

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2
Q

Until what year was there only one major exception to the Arab political system rule?

A

2004

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3
Q

How many major exceptions to the Arab political system rule have occurred since 2011?

A

Three

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4
Q

What type of government does Israel have within its 1967 borders?

A

Democracy

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5
Q

What type of government did Iran transition to from a monarchy?

A

Theocratic Republic

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6
Q

What was Turkey’s political status before moving towards military rule?

A

Quasi-democracy

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7
Q

What is one important general feature of Middle Eastern independent states?

A

Initially relatively weak national identity

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8
Q

What practice in Middle Eastern states is sometimes derived from their colonial past?

A

Authoritarian state practices

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9
Q

What is a key characteristic of institutions in Middle Eastern states?

A

Weak institutions

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10
Q

How are Middle Eastern states divided regarding their political systems?

A

Monarchies, Republics, and Democracies

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11
Q

What is one of the economic dimensions of development?

A

Wealth and growth

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12
Q

What does ‘equity’ in economic development refer to?

A

Sources of wealth and inequality

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13
Q

What aspects are included in human development?

A

Literacy, health, urbanization, housing

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14
Q

What has been a significant issue in the MENA region from 1900s to 1970s?

A

Imperialism and colonial legacies

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15
Q

What resource significantly impacted the MENA region from the 1900s to the 1950s?

A

Oil

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16
Q

What type of industrialization occurred in LOCs from 1950s to 1970s?

A

Import-substitution industrialization

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17
Q

What has led to the emergence of the ‘development state’ in the MENA region?

A

Economic issues and historical factors

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18
Q

What economic phenomenon began in the MENA region during the 1970s-1980s?

A

Initial regional migration and remittances

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19
Q

What global financial institutions were involved in the MENA region during the 1980s-2000s?

A

IMF and World Bank

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20
Q

What challenges have arisen in the MENA region since the 2000s?

A

Increased inequality, youth bulge, chronic unemployment

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21
Q

True or False: The MENA region has seen a uniform impact from oil.

A

False

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22
Q

Fill in the blank: The economic development concept includes _______ as a dimension.

A

Human development

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23
Q

What was the outcome of the anti-colonial nationalist uprising in Egypt?

A

Formal independence in 1922, followed by ongoing British occupation until regime change.

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24
Q

How did Morocco achieve independence?

A

Through non-violent collective mobilization against the French and around the monarchy in 1956.

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25
What characterized Algeria's struggle for independence?
A violent war between colonizer and colonized, resulting in independence in 1962.
26
What significant event occurred in Egypt in 1922?
Formal Egyptian independence from England under King Fuad.
27
What was founded in 1928 in Egypt?
The Muslim Brotherhood.
28
What movement was established in 1933 in Egypt?
The Young Egypt Society movement.
29
What major event occurred in 1948 affecting Egypt?
The birth of the Israeli state and strong defeat of Egyptian and other Arab armies.
30
What was the outcome of the 1952 Free Officers’ coup in Egypt?
Ousting of King Farouq and the rise of a group of Egyptian officers including Nasser.
31
What happened during 1954-1956 in Egypt?
The ouster of senior military figure Muhammed Naguib, leading to Nasser's consolidation of power.
32
Who was Gamal ‘Abd el-Nasr?
President of Egypt/United Arab Republic, born in Alexandria, trained as a military officer.
33
What did Nasser do in 1956?
Enacted a constitution declaring Egypt a socialist republic with a single party (Arab Socialist Union).
34
What major infrastructure project did Nasser oversee with help from the USSR?
The Aswan High Dam.
35
What was the significance of the Suez Crisis in 1956?
A complex crisis involving Nasser's nationalism and various international interests.
36
What was Nasser's view on nationalism?
He believed in the importance of nationalism and Egyptian identity distinct from US and Soviet influences.
37
What did Eden/UK want during the Suez Crisis?
To hold onto the Suez Canal and viewed Nasser as dangerous and irresponsible.
38
What was France's concern regarding Nasser?
Linked him to support for the anti-French war in Algeria.
39
What was the US's stance during the Suez Crisis?
Trying to balance building influence in the Middle East and maintaining Western allies.
40
List some reasons why Nasser mattered in the Arab world.
* Paved the way for Arab moves to nationalize resources * Propelled pan-Arabism/Qawmiyya nationalism * Suggested a path between US/Soviet dominance * Influenced future Arab leaders (e.g., Saddam Hussein, Qaddafi) * Guided/exacerbated Arab-Israeli conflict * Set up more inter-Arab conflicts (e.g., Saudi Arabia) * Instilled more secular ideology * Repressed Muslim Brotherhood
41
What is Pan-Arabism or Arab/Qawmiyya Nationalism?
A form of nationalism distinct from wataniyya, secular, anti-colonial, and invoked by republics.
42
True or False: Pan-Arabism became less important after 1967.
True.
43
Fill in the blank: Nasser's ideology instilled a more _______ ideology.
secular
44
What years did the Constitutional Revolution take place in Iran?
1905-11 ## Footnote The Constitutional Revolution kept the Qajar Shah on the throne but limited his power through a constitution influenced by Britain.
45
Who took control of Iran in 1921 and eventually established the Pahlavi dynasty?
Reza Khan ## Footnote Reza Khan later became known as Reza Shah.
46
What major change did Reza Shah implement between 1921 and 1941?
Created a more modern, centralized state ## Footnote His approach was similar to that of Ataturk in Turkey.
47
What event occurred in 1941 involving British and Russian forces?
Overthrew the Shah and secured Iranian oil ## Footnote This led to the installation of Shah's son, Mohammed Reza, on the throne.
48
When did Mohammed Reza Shah rule Iran?
1941-79 ## Footnote His rule lasted until the Iranian Revolution.
49
What was the significant action taken by Mohammed Mossadeq during 1951-3?
Nationalization of Iranian oil ## Footnote Mossadeq was later overthrown by a coup orchestrated by the US and UK.
50
How many times has the US overthrown a foreign government since WWII?
At least 8 times ## Footnote Three of these instances occurred in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
51
What characterized the Iranian Revolution of 1978-9?
Mass mobilization of opposition ## Footnote This included a diverse coalition of religious and secular activists from various social classes.
52
What was a significant political change resulting from the 1979 revolution?
Shift from secular monarchy to multifaceted theocracy ## Footnote This involved a dramatic transformation of the political system.
53
What role did Shi’i religious symbols play in the 1979 Iranian Revolution?
They were used for large political upheaval ## Footnote This helped galvanize support for the revolution.
54
What change-oriented policy did the new political system in Iran adopt after the revolution?
Anti-Western foreign policy ## Footnote This reflected a shift in Iran's international relations.
55
What was one of the outcomes of the regime change in Iran post-1979?
Redistribution of power and wealth ## Footnote This was part of the broader changes initiated by the revolution.
56
What has been a feature of post-revolutionary Iran since 1988?
Steady increase in regional power ## Footnote This includes involvement in Lebanon, Syria, and Yemen.
57
What has characterized Iran's stance towards Israel?
Staunch anti-Israel posture ## Footnote This has been a consistent aspect of Iran's foreign policy.
58
What economic measure affected Iran until 2016?
Economic boycotts by the US and Western countries ## Footnote These sanctions had significant impacts on Iran's economy.
59
What type of governance characterizes political and social diversity in post-revolutionary Iran?
Dual authority ## Footnote This includes power-sharing between clerical leaders and elected officials.
60
Fill in the blank: The current question about Iran involves how much will change with the general interest of the West, _______ of the US, and hostility of Israel and Saudi Arabia.
ambivalence ## Footnote This reflects the complex dynamics of Iran's reintegration into the global system.

SPP 151 (2 decks)

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