Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Grade 11 Biology > Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Quiz #2 Flashcards

(56 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What percentage of the human body is predominantly water?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are macromolecules primarily made up of?

A

Carbon bonded to hydrogen, with some nitrogen and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four types of essential nutrients?

A
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic acids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are macromolecules considered essential nutrients?

A

The body cannot create them, so they must be consumed in the diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All the chemical processes carried out by cells to maintain life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of carbohydrates?

A
  • Simple carbohydrates
  • Complex carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define monosaccharides.

A

The simplest sugar, made up of one functional unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give examples of monosaccharides.

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Simple sugars made up of two monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Provide examples of disaccharides.

A
  • Table sugar
  • Sugar found in dairy products
  • Sugar found in grains
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Complex carbohydrates made up of many monosaccharides linked together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List examples of polysaccharides.

A
  • Glycogen
  • Starch
  • Cellulose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary function of lipids?

A

Store energy, cushion and insulate internal organs, and provide structural parts of cell membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the components of lipids?

A

Only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are proteins made from?

A

Chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of proteins?

A
  • Structural (build/repair tissue)
  • Catalyze reactions (enzymes)
  • Fight infection (antibodies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many amino acids can the body synthesize?

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

The 8 amino acids that must be obtained from food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two types of nucleic acids?

A
  • Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

A reaction where two units are joined and water is produced as a by-product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

The addition of water to break down macromolecules into absorbable units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What role do enzymes play in digestion?

A

Speed up reactions without being consumed in the process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a monomer?

Study These Flashcards
A

The building block that makes up something larger

24
Q

What is a polymer?

Study These Flashcards
A

A large molecule made up of many smaller molecules

25
What are vitamins and minerals used for in the body?
Enable chemical reactions and aid in tissue development, growth, and immunity
26
What are the functions of water in the body?
* Transports dissolved nutrients * Removes waste * Lubricates tissues and joints * Regulates body temperature * Eliminates waste materials
27
What is ATP?
The cells' energy molecule, similar to DNA but with two extra phosphates
28
What are the four stages of food processing?
* Ingestion * Digestion * Absorption * Elimination
29
What is the alimentary canal?
The digestive tract where food is processed, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus
30
What are the two processes involved in the alimentary canal?
* Mechanical digestion * Chemical digestion
31
Why do herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals?
Plant tissue is more difficult to digest, requiring more time to extract energy and nutrients
32
What are the organs of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas ## Footnote These organs work together to process food and absorb nutrients.
33
How long is the small intestine?
6 m long and 2.5 cm in diameter ## Footnote The small intestine is responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption.
34
How long is the large intestine?
1.5 m long and 5 cm in diameter ## Footnote The large intestine primarily absorbs water and forms feces.
35
What begins the process of digestion?
Digestion begins in the mouth ## Footnote Teeth grind food into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for saliva.
36
What enzyme in saliva helps break down carbohydrates?
AMYLASE ## Footnote Amylase is crucial for converting complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
37
What is the function of saliva?
* Chemical digestion * Lubrication * Dissolving nutrients * Stimulating taste buds ## Footnote Saliva has multiple roles in the digestive process.
38
What is a bolus?
A rounded mass of chewed food ## Footnote The tongue helps form the bolus to facilitate swallowing.
39
What is the esophagus?
A muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach ## Footnote It uses peristalsis to move food to the stomach.
40
What is peristalsis?
A wave-like muscular contraction that moves food through the esophagus ## Footnote This contraction is essential for transporting food to the stomach.
41
What is the role of the esophageal sphincter?
Acts like a door to the stomach, preventing backflow of stomach contents ## Footnote It opens to allow food into the stomach and closes to keep stomach acid from entering the esophagus.
42
What is the stomach's primary function?
Holds food temporarily while undergoing chemical and mechanical digestion ## Footnote The stomach processes food before it moves to the small intestine.
43
What are rugae?
Folds in the stomach lining that provide expansion room for large meals ## Footnote These folds allow the stomach to stretch as it fills with food.
44
What is gastric juice made up of?
* Hydrochloric acid * Salts * Enzymes * Water * Mucus ## Footnote Gastric juice aids in the chemical digestion of food.
45
How does the stomach protect itself from its own acid?
* Secretes gastric juice only when food is present * Secretes mucus to coat stomach walls * Produces pepsin in an inactive form ## Footnote These mechanisms prevent damage to the stomach lining.
46
What is chyme?
A thick liquid created in the stomach that consists of partially digested food mixed with gastric juice ## Footnote Chyme is released into the small intestine for further digestion.
47
What occurs in the small intestine?
Final digestion and absorption of nutrients ## Footnote Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the intestinal lining.
48
What are villi?
Small finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the intestines ## Footnote Villi enhance nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
49
What is the function of the duodenum?
Further chemically digests food and begins nutrient absorption ## Footnote The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine.
50
What is the jejunum known for?
It is the most highly folded area of the small intestine with significant nutrient absorption ## Footnote The jejunum plays a crucial role in the digestive process.
51
What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?
Deposits enzymes into the duodenum and neutralizes acidic chyme ## Footnote The pancreas aids in the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.
52
What is bile and its function?
A substance produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats for digestion ## Footnote Bile is stored in the gallbladder until needed in the small intestine.
53
What is the primary role of the large intestine?
Absorbs water and forms feces ## Footnote The large intestine also hosts bacteria that produce vitamins.
54
What happens to indigestible material in the digestive system?
It is excreted as feces ## Footnote The rectum stores feces until elimination.
55
True or False: The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body.
True ## Footnote The liver plays a key role in metabolism and detoxification.
56
Fill in the blank: Monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood through the _______.
SI lining ## Footnote This absorption process is crucial for energy supply to the body.

Grade 11 Biology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions