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CrimJ210 Policing in America > Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

FINAL Quasi-military style criticism

A
  • “Us” versus “them” attitude
  • Encourages idea of war on crime
  • Produces low morale
  • Rigid structure = job dissatisfaction
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2
Q

FINAL Military tool used?

A

8,000 police dogs used by local police in 2007, along with planes, boats and helicopters.

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3
Q

Dominant style as a complex bureaucracy

A
  • tasks assigned to bureaus
  • hierarchy and clear division of labor
  • specific tasks delegated to lower-rank employees
  • clear chain of command
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4
Q

Problems in bureaucracy in policing?

A
  • inflexible, unable to adapt to external changes
  • communication within usually breaks down
  • isolated from the people they serve
  • accused of not using talents of their employees
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5
Q

Informal aspects - horizontal and vertical disputes

A
  • Horizontal disputes - go to similar rank

- Vertical disputes - go to different ranks

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6
Q

Police Professionalism

A

Professional departments adopted a “by the book” approach

But bureaucracy imposes formal control over behavior of officers

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7
Q

FINAL Community policing

A
  • decentralizes decision making

- territorial

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8
Q

Task forces

A
  • Based on talents

- Officers from different ranks or agencies to solve certain problems

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9
Q

FINAL Community policing attempts to…

A
  • modify police organization through de-bureaucratization
  • deformalize (gt rid of rules/manuals
  • despecialize (replace specialized units with officers in neighbourhood
  • delayerize (decrease distance between officers and chief)
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10
Q

FINAL COMPSTAT (Computer Comparison Statistics)

A
  • Used first by NYC Police in 1994
  • Clarifies department’s mission, goals and values
  • Holds managers accountable
  • Commanders responsible for geographic areas
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11
Q

FINAL COMPSTAT is used to:

A
  • identify problems

- evaluate success and failure

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12
Q

FINAL Police Unions

A

Majority of police officers are represented by unions

- to improve salaries and benefits

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13
Q

FINAL 3 major police unions

A
  1. Fraternal order of police
  2. International Union
  3. Teamsters Law enforcement League
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14
Q

Contingency Theory

A

Organizations are structured to achieve specific goals (eg. crime control)

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15
Q

Institutional Theory

A

Organizations operate in relation to their external social and political environment

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16
Q

Resource Dependency Theory

A

Organizations must obtain resources to survive (interact with other organizations in community)

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17
Q

FINAL Sense of Mission” James Q. Wilson

A
  • “Organization has a sense of mission when its culture is shared by operators and managers alike”
  • Organizational features
  • Particular goals
  • Professional background and training
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18
Q

FINAL Styles of Policing:

A
  1. Service Style Policing
  2. Legalistic
  3. Watchmen
    * Most effective way is to combine them all*
19
Q

FINALService style policing

A
  • Focuses on providing assistance

- View taxpayers as bosses

20
Q

FINAL Legalistic style of policing

A

In departments that discourage discretion

Is reactive

21
Q

FINAL Watchmen

A

Doesn’t respond to situations much, but when it does it’s aggressive.
*Proactive, look to deter crime.

22
Q

Differential Association Theory

A
  • Holds that criminal (or police) behavior is learned
23
Q

A trope

A

Take stolen goods, but don’t arrest offender. Helps to deal with low level crime.

24
Q

The Hawthorne Experiments

A
  • Factory with 45,000 employees in Illinois
  • Studied how women assembling telephone relays were impacted by various factors
    eg. two breaks v one break, length of day
  • Conclusion of study: pay is important but not thing important
  • Recognition motivates workers
25
Q

4 phases:

A

Choice, intro, encounter, metamorphisis

26
Q

40 years ago…

A

…almost all officers were male, white and had a high school education

27
Q

Personnel problems:

A
  • not trained properly
  • do not supervise them well
  • do not have evaluation system
  • fail to discipline officers
  • fail to provide career opportunities
  • do not promote the best officers
    = all these together equals personnel problems
28
Q

National Center for Women and Policing

A
  • Argues that stereotypes emphasizing officer use of force and need of physical strength discourage women to consider policing
29
Q

FINAL 30 years ago…

A

Nearly all police departments (85%) required officers to be at least 5’8”
- This was challenged in lawsuits by Hispanic and Asian Americans

30
Q

FINAL 82%…

A

…of police departments require only a high school education or equivalent
But requirements are higher in bigger cities

31
Q

Residency: American Civil Liberties…

A

A true part of the community they patrol and not appear as outsiders.
25% officers live in the same city they work

32
Q

FINAL Title IV 1964 Civil Rights Act

A

Unlawful for employer to fail or refuse to hire or discharge someone based on race, color or religion…

33
Q

FINAL 1972 Equal Opportunity Act

A

Extended to include police and sheriff’s department

34
Q

Bona Fide Occupational Qualifications

A
  • Refuse to hire people who do not possess qualification necessary for the job
35
Q

1990 American with Disabilities Act (ADA)

A

Includes police but unable to properly define disability

36
Q

Affirmative Action

A

Resulted in hiring of only white men. More proactive

= ending discrimination

37
Q

First woman police officer…

A

hired in Indianapolis., 1968

38
Q

By 2050

A

More Hispanic and Asians in policing

39
Q

Equal Employment Opportunity Index

A
  • Lewis and Walker developed it

Dividing population of % of race in police form by % of race in department

40
Q

Rite of Passage

A

Socializes recruits into police subculture

41
Q

Cues

A

Visual cues such as gender, clothing, race, become a form of stereotyping, major contributor to police and community relation problems

42
Q

FINAL Herbert’s 6 factors that shape and help explain police subculture

A
  1. The Law
  2. Bureaucratic Control
  3. Culture of adventure
  4. Society
  5. Compentence
  6. Morality
43
Q

Cohort Effects

A

Officers from different decades have different ideas and lifestyles

44
Q

Relationship between attitudes and behavior

A
  1. Constrained by police bureaucracy and criminal justice system
  2. Due to citizen complaint or lawsuit
  3. Disciplinary action by police department for misconduct

CrimJ210 Policing in America (5 decks)

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