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M1 HAE term 2 quiz 2 > quiz 2 > Flashcards

quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

major derivatives and related nerves of cephalic primorida

A

ectoderm (surface ectoderm) - special sense placode - CN I, II, VIII

ecotoderm (neuroectoderm - neural crest cells) - ectomesenchyme - CNV

mesoderm (paraxial mesoderm) - somitomeres and somites - III, IV, V3, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII

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2
Q

derivatives of surface ectoderm placodes

A

CNI - nasal placode - olfactory epithelium
CNII - lens placode - lens
CNVIII - otic placode - inner ear and vestibular system

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3
Q

ectomesenchyme

A

derived from neural crest cells
migrate to pharyngeal arch system of head and neck region adn form ectomesenchyme - condenses to form non-retinal parts of eyeball, dermis of the face, anterior bones of the neurocranium, leptomeninges around the brain

areas supplied by divisions of trigeminal nerve

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4
Q

mesenchyme

A

embryonic connective tissue
loosely organized
has the ability to migrate and differentiate into different cell types
can develop from any germ layer

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5
Q

ectoderm

A

gives rise to the epidermis of the face and rest of the body

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6
Q

paraxial mesoderm

A

posterior bones of the skull and basicranium

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7
Q

calvaria

A

forms by intramembranous ossificaiton of ectomesenchyme (frontal bone) or paraxial mesenchyme (parietal and occipital bones)

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8
Q

basicranium

A

forms by endochondral ossificiation of sclerotome portion of occipital somites (paraxial mesoderm)

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9
Q

viscerocranium

A

bones that make up facial skeleton
primarily formed by intramembranous ossification of ectomesenchyme from the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd pharyngeal arches (neural crest cells)

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10
Q

components and contents of a typical pharyngeal arch

A

bilateral cores of ectomesenchyme that line the primitive oral cavity and pharynx
covered externally by surface ectoderm
pharyngeal clefts with pharyngeal membranes of surface ectoderm, lateral plate mesoderm, and endoderm (layers)
pharygeal pouches from gut tube (lining of endoderm)
pharyngeal floor - lined by endoderm => unpaired adult structures
bar of cartilage - ectomesenchyme (1,2,3) and lateral plate mesoderm (4-6)
muscle component from somitimeres or somites (paraxial mesoderm)
cranial nerve (neural tube)
aortic arch artery (visceral layer of lateral plate mesoderm)

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11
Q

pharyngeal arch cartilage derivatives

A

arch 1: meckle’s cartilage, malleus, incus
arch 2: stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn of the hyoid
arch 3: greater horn of the hyoid
arch 4: thyroid cartilage
arch 6: cricoid cartilage and bottom of thyroid cartilage

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12
Q

pharyngeal arch muscle derivatives

A

arch 1 - muscles of mastication
arch 2 - muscles of facial expression
arch 3 - stylopharyngeus
arch 4-6 - laryngeal muscles

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13
Q

pretrematic branches

A

1st to frontonasal prominence - CN V1
2nd to 1st - chorda tympani (CN VII) - taste fibers to anterior 2/3 of tongue
3rd to 2nd - tympanic branch of glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - sensory innervation to middle ear and auditory tube
6th to 4th - internal laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X) - sensory innervation to larynx superior to vocal cords

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14
Q

artery derivatives of pharyngeal arches

A

1 - mostly disappears (small part of maxillary)
2 - mostly disappears
3 - common carotid, proximal internal carotid
4 - aortic arch, proximal right subclavian
6 - proximal pulmonary arteries, ductus arteriosus

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15
Q

arch 1

A

trigeminal nerve
muscles of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani
incus, malleus, greater wing of sphenoid, roots of pterygoid plates, sphenomandibular ligament, mandible
maxillary artery

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16
Q

arch 2

A

facial nerve
muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
stapes, styloid process, stylohyoid ligament, lesser horn and upper body of hyoid
artery mostly disappears

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17
Q

arch 3

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
stylopharyngeus
greater horn and lower body of hyoid bone
common carotid, proximal portion of internal carotid

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18
Q

arch 4-6

A

vagus nerve (CN X)
cricothyroid, constrictors of the pharynx, intrinsic muscles of the larynx, striated muscles of esophagus
thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage
4th arch - right subclavian, aortic arch
6th arch - pulmonary arteries, ductus areteriosus

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19
Q

cervical sinus

A

remnants of 2nd, 3rd, 4th, pharyngeal clefts that are normally obliterated when 2nd pharyngeal arg overgrows to make neck and fuses with heart bulge

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20
Q

derivatives of face primordia

A

frontonasal prominence - forehead, nose, philtrum, primary palate
maxillary prominence - upper cheek, maxilla, zygoma, lateral portion of upper lip, secondary plate
mandibular prominence - lower lip, lower cheek, mandible

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21
Q

cranial nerves

A 
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochelar
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
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22
Q

platysma

A

flat skeletal muscle in subcutaneous tissue of anterolateral neck
CN VII
origin: undersurface of skin of lower neck and lateral chest
insertion: skin of lower face and angle of mouth

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23
Q

investing fascia

A

splits to encompass trap and SCM

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24
Q

visceral fascia

A

around thyroid, trachea and esophagus, larynx

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25
pre-vertebral fascia
around vertebral column and deep muscles associated with it | extends laterally as axillary sheath
26
carotid sheath
around jugular vein, carotid artery, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes
27
axillary sheath
lateral extension of prevertebral fascia | surrounds axillary vessels and brachial plexus of nerves
28
muscles that attach to hyoid bone
``` infrahyoid: omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid ``` ``` suprahyoid: ant. digastric post. digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid ```
29
anterior triangle
ant: SCM inf: mandible midline contains 4 other triangles
30
submental triangle
ant bellies of digastric muscles and hyoid bone contains: submental lymph nodes, mylohyoid muscles (floor)
31
submandibular triangle
ant and post digastric and mandible floor of mylohyoid contains: submandibular gland and duct, portions of facial vessels, hypoglossal nerve and nerve to mylohyoid from CNV and lymph nodes
32
carotid triangle
superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, anterior border of SCM ``` contains: common carotid artery and its bifurcation internal jugular vein vagus nerve deep cervical lymph nodes carotid body carotid sinus portion of hypoglossal nerve portion of cervical plexus ansa cervicalis ```
33
branches of external carotid artery
superior thyroid - thyroid gland and larynx ascending pharyngeal - pharynx lingual - tongue facial - submandibular gland, palatine tonsil, lower face inferior labial superior labial septal angular occipital - posterior scalp posterior auricular - posterior to ear, scalp maxillary - infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossae, nasal cavity, palate mental infraorbital superficial temporal - anterior to ear, scalp transverse facial
34
path of phrenic nerve
along anterior surface of anterior scalene muscle deep to the prevertebral fascia and the SCM - not in carotid sheath
35
muscular triangle
hyoid bone, superior belly of omohyoid, anterior border of scm and midline contains strap muscles: omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid - depress larynx and steady hyoid and cervical viscera
36
lymph drainage of superficial neck
into superficial cervical nodes to inferior deep cervical nodes
37
posterior triangle
posterior border of SCM, anterior border of trap, mid-clavicle roof is cervical investing fascia floor is prevertebral fascia ``` muscles deep to floor: splenius capitis levator scapulae posterior, middle, and anterior scalenes inferior belly of omohyoid ``` third portion of subclavian artery in most inferior aspect subclavian vein and external jugular vein transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries
38
superficial nerves of cervical plexus
transverse cervical supraclavicular great auricular lesser occipital
39
branches of right subclavian artery
``` internal thoracic artery thyrocerivical trunk suprascapular transverse cervical inferior thyroid ascending cervical vertebral ``` costocervical trunk deep cervical artery dorsal scapular
40
thyroglossal duct
tract thyroid gland creates during its descent from the foramen cecum of the tongue can be site for ectopic thyroid tissue or thyroglossal duct cyst if it does not obliterate completely
41
thyroid gland
two lobes joined by isthmus enclosed by visceral fasica of neck pyramidal lobe in 50% of people descends from foramen cecum of posterior tongue embryonically blood from superior thyroid artery (external carotid) and inferior thyroid artery (thyrocervial trunk of subclavian) venous drainage by superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins lymphatic drainage to para-tracheal and deep cervical lymph nodes
42
parathyroid glands
``` on posterior surface of thyroid gland superior two from 4th pharyngeal pouches inferior two from third pouch thymus from third pouch too blood supply from inferior thyroid artery ```
43
orbicularis oculi
closes eyelid
44
orbicularis oris
closes mouth
45
zygomaticus major
smile
46
buccinator
blowing and chewing food
47
frontalis
forehead - wrinkles
48
foramina of branches of trigeminal nerve
v1 through superior orbital fissure v2 through foramen rotundum v3 through foramen ovale
49
trigeminal nerve branches
v1 - opthalmic supraorbital - skin of forehead supratrochlear - skin of forehead lacrimal - skin over lateral corner of eye infratrochlear - skin over medial corner of eye, bridge of nose external nasal - bridge of nose V2 - maxillary - skin of face infraorbital zygomaticotemporal - lat scalp, area just lateral to eye zygomaticofacial V3 - mandibular auriculotemporal - lat scalp, parotid gland (when swollen) buccal mental
50
branches of internal carotid
only branches that supply face: opthalmic supraorbital supratrochlear
51
parotid gland and duct
surrounded by parotid sheath (from investing fascia) duct emerges from anterior border of gland, traverses face on surface of masseter muscle and pierces buccinator to empty into oral cavity facial nerve and external carotid artery pass through it sensory innervation from auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3) secretomotor innervation from sympathetics via postganglionics to superior cervical gangion to external carotid nerve and plexus from parasympathetics via CN IX to otic ganglion to auriculotemporal nerve (VN V3
52
path of facial nerve
``` from brain through internal acoustic meatus to internal aspect of petrous part of temporal bone through stylomastoid foramen branches: motor branches to occipitalis, post digastric, stylohyoid parotid gland upper and lower divisions terminal branches temporal zygomatic buccal marginal mandibular cervical ```
53
layers of scalp
``` skin connective tissue aponeurosis loose connective tissue pericranium ```
54
occipitofrontalis muscle
has two bodies - one on forehead and one on occipital bone epicranial aponeurosis between them moves scalp and wrinkles forehead innervation via CN VII
55
scalp blood supply
``` anterior portion: supraorbital supratrochlear lateral portion: superficial temporal posterior auricular posterior portion: occipital artery ```
56
nasolacrimal groove
furrow where lateral nasal prominence fuses with maxillary prominence
57
intermaxillary segment
formed when medial nasal prominences crowded toward midline by maxillary prominences and fuse
58
development of the eye
lateral outgrowths from the forebrain make optic vesicles the connection with the forebrain elongates and narrows making the optic stalk vesicle contacts the surface ectoderm, triggering the development of the lens placode the lens placode invaginates to make the lens vesicle the lens vesicle detaches from the surface ectoderm and sinks in to the optic vesicle the optic vesicle indents to accommodate this, making the optic cup the optic cup give rise to the layers of the retina - the outer layer is pigmented and inner layer is neural at the rim of the cup both retinal layers contribute to the formation of the iris and ciliary body and pupil cheroidal fissure fuses the hyoid artery becomes the central artery of the retina
59
cheroidal fissure
fissure between the two sides of the invaginated lens cup in the developing eye - fuses to form complete eyeball
60
hyaloid artery
goes to lens eventually the cheroidal fissure fuses around it and it degrades what's left going to the retina becomes the central artery of the retina
61
germ layers portions of the eye come from
surface ectoderm: lens, conjunctival sac, epidermis of eyelids, corneal epithelium neuroectoderm: optic nerve, 2 layers of the retina, iris, ciliary body lateral plate mesoderm: hyaloid artery ectomesenchyme: everything else
62
inner ear development
neural tube in the developing hindbrain region induces development of the otic placodes from surface ectoderm dorsal to the 2nd pharyngeal cleft placodes invaginate to otic pits they separate from the surface ectoderm - now otic vessels vessels grow into membranous labyrinth of the inner ear, the organ of corti, maculae, cristae, sensory ganglia of CN VIII the head mesenchyme becomes cartilage and then ossifies to make the bony labrynth
63
middle ear development
the 1st pharyngeal pouch (endoderm) expands laterally toward the 1st pharyngeal cleft = tubotympanic recess the distal pouch becomes the middle ear cavity the proximal pouch becomes the Eustachian tubes - it retains its connection to the pharynx the ossicles form from the 1st and 2nd arch cartilages next to the tubotympanic recess the recess engulfs them so that they're within the middle ear the muscles form from somitomeres after birth the epithelium of the middle ear expands into the mastoid process making air cells and mastoid antirum
64
development of the external ear
external acoustic meatus from first cleft (ectoderm) tympanic membrane from pharyngeal membrane between the first cleft and pouch - outer layer of ectoderm, inner layer of endoderm, core of mesoderm (fibrous) originally in lower neck but ascends when mandible develops mesenchyme around 1st cleft swells (auricular hillocks) and fuse to make auricle
65
development of face
nasal placode develops on lateral side of arch 0 (from frontonasal prominence) nasal placodes develop nasal pits rest of placode becomes the medial and lateral nasal processes/eminences right and left mandibular processes of 1st arch fuse to make mandible maxillary processes grow and push medial nasal processes together to make intermaxillary segment medial nasal processes fuse with maxillary processes laterally medial nasal processes fuse with intermaxillary segment fuse to make upper lip and philtrum lateral nasal processes fuse with maxillary processes - results in obliteration of lacrimal groove

M1 HAE term 2 quiz 2 (1 decks)

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