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Pediatric Perfusion > Quiz 2-6 Questions > Flashcards

Quiz 2-6 Questions Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

4 components of TOF

A

Pulmonary stenosis, RV hypertrophy, Overriding aorta, VSD

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2
Q

boot shaped heart

A

TOF

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3
Q

TOF shunt direction

A

right to left

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4
Q

EKG with right axis deviation

A

RV enlargement

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5
Q

reduce symptoms of TET spell

A

vasoconstriction, squatting, oxygenation

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6
Q

TOF lungs are _____ on CXR than normal

A

darker

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7
Q

TOF patient with LAD arising from RCA surgical procedure

A

RV to PA valved conduit

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8
Q

causes of excessive shunting with TOF patient on bypass

A
  • bronchial collaterals
  • PDA
  • B-T shunt
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9
Q

ebstein’s abnormality repair

A
  • repair of tricuspid valve
  • exclusion of atrialized ventricle
  • closure of septal defect
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10
Q

single ventricle repair of ebsteins anomaly associated with ______

A

small RV

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11
Q

T/F tricuspid atresia may be associated with TGA

A

true

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12
Q

purpose of unofocalization operation

A
  • fixes MAPCAs

- move pulmonary collaterals from aorta to PA

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13
Q

last operation for tricuspid atresia

A

fontan

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14
Q

MAPCAs

A
  • develop from lack of pulmonary blood flow
  • may be reimplanted to pulmonary artery
  • are multiple aortopulmonary collateral arteries
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15
Q

most common type of tricuspid atresia has which of the following

A
  • pulmonary valve stenosis

- small VSD

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16
Q

patients with tricuspid atresia are managed with _____ ventricle repair

A

single

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17
Q

this structure is funnel shaped and located below pulmonary valve

A

infindibulum

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18
Q

in pulmonary atresia, one or two ventricle repair depends on

A

size of the RV

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19
Q

purpose of fenestration in Fontan

A

-provide pop off in case of increase PVR/RV failure

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20
Q

_____ are associated with pulmonary atresia and develop from high RV pressures

A

sinusoids

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21
Q

conditions that affect myocardial protection in neonates

A
  • bronchial collaterals

- variations in coronary anatomy

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22
Q

neonatal heart can tolerate ischemia better than adult heart because

A

it has more capacity to produce ATP from glycogen

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23
Q

how does calcium cause injury to neonatal heart

A

it passes through calcium channels based on concentration gradients

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24
Q

_________ causes rapid rewarming of the myocardium in neonates

A

increased bronchial flow

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25
during the first year of life the weight of an infant increases to __ times birth weight
3x
26
neonatal myocardium has a higher proportion of _____ than adult myocardium
non-contractile elements
27
T/F an advantage of single dose cardioplegia in the immature heart is less edema
True
28
8 kg 8 month old with VSD - first dose of cardioplegia is
240 cc antegrade
29
delnido ratio
1:4
30
T/F HTK custodiol solution is crystalloid with high sodium
false
31
TGA occurs due to malposition of the aorta (direction)
anterior and to the right
32
common problems associated with senning or mustard procedures (atrial switch)
- atrial inflow obstruction - arrhythmias - RV failure
33
at the end of the arterial switch procedure, the aorta is ___ to the PA
posterior
34
most critical portion of arterial switch
reimplantation of coronary arteries
35
blood path of congenitally corrected TGA
RA-LV-PA-LA-RV-AO
36
blood path in TGA
RA-RV-AO-RA, LA-LV-PA-LA
37
which is a repair at the ventricular level
Rastelli procedure
38
surgeon with first atrial switch named after him
Jantene
39
Why does arterial switch need to be performed early in child with D-TGA and intact septum
prevent atrophy of LV - becomes systemic pump
40
which TGA patient more likely to have heart failure
d-TGA with VSD | compared with intact septum
41
T/F small aorta and moderate to sever tricuspid regurgitation increase risk of poor outcome in stage 1 norwood procedure
true
42
T/F bicuspid valve is commomn cause for valvular aortic stenosis in neonates
true
43
advantage of ross procedure
no anticoagulation needed postop
44
in HLHS the majority of cerebal and coronary blood flow is
retrograde through PDA
45
RV to PA conduit name in HLHS
sano shunt
46
hybrid procedure in HLHS
- bilateral PA bands (more blood to aorta) - stented PDA - balloon ASD
47
suendocardial fibrosis from aortic valve disease can lead to
cardiomyopathy
48
williams syndrome is associated with
supravalvular AS
49
ross procedure
- place pulmonary valve in aortic position - place homograft in pulmonary position - reimplant coronary arteries
50
Norwood procedure
- attach PA to aorta - use homograft to augment the ascending aorta and arch - place systemic to pulmonary shunt
51
most common type of coarctation of the aorta
postductal
52
rarely used repair for coarctation because impaired growth of left arm
subclavian flap
53
defect requiring treatment with PGE1 and surgery during neonatal period
incomplete aortic arch
54
T/F IAA repair will require dual aortic cannulation
true
55
diagnostic technique to diagnose patient with double aortic arch
- barium swallow - echo - CT scan
56
T/F most coarctation repairs require left heart bypass
false
57
present in patients with coarctation of the aorta
- LV hypertrophy - congestive heart failure - chest pulsations due to collaterals
58
if a patient has coarctation of the aorta and a VSD, which are true
- done in single operation with DHCA or regional cerebral perfusion - a combined procedure requires bicaval cannulation
59
which are associated with DiGeorge syndrome
- hypocalcemia - immune disorders due to missing thymus - conotruncal malformations - learning difficulties
60
most common complication with heart transplant
rejection
61
TAPVR
- totally anomalous venous return - no pulmonary veins drain into LA - all pulmonary veins drain into systemic circulation
62
T/F after repair of the cardiac type TAPVR, the coronary sinus drains into the RA
false
63
which is a palliation used on patients with TAPVR
BAS at time of catheterization
64
T/F supracardiac is the most common classification seen with
true
65
cannulation technique for heart transplant
aortic and bicaval venous cannulation
66
T/F cyanosis is always associated with TAPVR
True
67
T/F increased survival after pediatric heart transplant is associated with a younger age at the time of transplantation
True
68
T/F repair of supracardiac TAPVR requires that the confluence of the pulmonary veins be attached to the LA and the vertical vein ligated
True
69
which defect involves a single arterial trunk that araises from the heart, supplies systemic, pulmonary, and coronary artery systems
truncus arteriosus
70
A patient with DORV has a doubly committed VSD. this VSD is _____
in the middle just under both valves
71
if greater than 50% of the aorta arrises from the right ventricle the this would be considered what type of DORV
TGA
72
in a patient with DORV, which will best define the coronary anatomy and peripheral PA stenosis
cardiac catheterization
73
T/F a patient with TOF type DORV has most of their blood flowing out of the aorta with little pulmonary blood flow
True
74
3kg patient has truncus arteriosus. what precautions should be taken regarding the blood prime
irradiated packed RBC's
75
the following has a membrane of fibromuscular tissue in the left atrium
cor triatrium sinister
76
surgical intervention for which requires a homograft between the RVOT and PA
truncus arteriosus
77
T/F ALCAPA is the most serious of coronary artery anomalies
true
78
the operation for removing the pressure on coronary arteries due to constriction between the aorta and PA is called
unroofing

Pediatric Perfusion (2 decks)

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