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Spinal Anatomy > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Upper Trapezius insertion

A

Insertion: downward and laterally into the lateral third of the clavicle

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2
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Motor fibers from XI cranial nerve (accessory nerve) and sensory fibers from the cervical nerves C3 and C4

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3
Q

Action of trapezius

A

Suspends the shoulder from the skull and vertebral column
Upper fibers elevate the scapula
Middle fibers pull the scapula medially
Lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward

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4
Q

Origin and insertion of Latissimus dorsi

A

Swimmer’s muscle
Spinous processes of T6 - L5 and iliac crests of lower 4 ribs
Insertion - Intertubercular groove of Humerus

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5
Q

Innervation and action of Latissimus dorsi

A

Innervation: C6-C8 spinal nerves (Thoracodorasal N.)
Action: adducts, extends, and rotates arm medially

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6
Q

Origin and insertion of Levator Scapulae

A

Origin: TVP of C1 - C4
Insertion: medial border (superior angle) of the scapula

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7
Q

Action and innervation of Levator scapulae

A

Action: extends cervical spine in bilateral contraction. Unilateral contraction = lateral flexion and rotation of the neck to the same side. Elevates scapula
Innervation: C3, C4, and C5 (Dorsal Scapular nerve)

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8
Q

Retractors of the scapula

A

Rhomboideus Minor and Major

Middle portion of the Trapexius

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9
Q

Upward rotators of the scapula

A 
Upper and lower Trapezius
Serratus Anterior (punching muscle)
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10
Q

Downward rotators of the scapula

A

Rhomboideus minor and major

Levator Scapulae

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11
Q

Insertion and origin of serratus posterior superior

A

Insertion: upper border of ribs T2- T5
Origin: SP f C7-T3, ligamentum nuchae, supraspinal ligament

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12
Q

Insertion and origin of Serratus Posterior Inferior

A

Origin: SP of T11-L3
Insertion: inferior border of ribs T9-T12 ribs

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13
Q

Splenius capitis origin and insertion

A

Splenius = bandage
Capitus = head
Origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae and SP of C7-T4
Insertion: superior to mastoid on occiput of temporal bone

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14
Q

Splenius cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP T3-T6
Insertion: TVP of C1-C3 (deep to levator scapulae muscle)

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15
Q

What are the strongest muscles in the back that take on most of the work?

A

Erector Spinae

Intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles

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16
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum origin and insertion

A

Origin: median sacral crest and SP of lumbar spine
Insertion: lower border of T6 - T12 ribs

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17
Q

Iliocostalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: superior surface of lower 6 ribs
Insertion: upper border of T1-T6 ribs

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18
Q

Iliocostalis Cervicis origin and insertion

A

Origin: Superior border of upper 6 ribs
Insertion: TVP of C4, 5, 6 vertebrae

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19
Q

Longissiums Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: TVP of all lumbar
Insertion: TVP of thoracic, T3-T12

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20
Q

Spinalis Thoracis origin and insertion

A

Origin: SP of T11-L2
Insertion: SP T1-T8

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21
Q

What muscle is the cause of primary lower back pain?

A

Quadratus Lumborum

Refers pain into the Sacro-Iliac joint from pulling hips out of alignment and cause stress to the joint

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22
Q

Quadratus Lumborum action

A 
Unilateral: lateral flex the spine
Bilateral: extends vertebral column
Lifts ilium up
Important for balance
“Hip Hiker Muscle”
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23
Q

What is the thickest and strongest muscle in the lumbar region?

A

Multifidus

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24
Q

Muscle fibers

A

Thick and thin filaments linked by cross bridges
T-tubules spread electrical pulses across a myofibril
Cross bridges only require energy to break them

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25
Extrinsic vs. intrinsic muscles
``` Extrinsic = movement of shoulder and upper extremity Intrinsic = movement of vertebral column ```
26
Superficial spinal column muscles
Trapezius | Latissimus dorsi
27
Middle layer spinal column muscles
``` Splenius (2) spinal extensors (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) ```
28
Deep muscles of the spinal column list and function
Interconnect and stabilize the vertebrae Transversospinal group (Multifidus, rotatores, semispinalis, interspinalis) Intertransverseraii
29
Superficial extrinsic back muscles (connect upper extremities to the upper trunk)
Trapezius Latissimus dorsi Rhomboids (2) Levator scapulae
30
Intermediate extrinsic back muscles
Associated w/ respiration Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior Inferior
31
Middle trapezius insertion
Horizontally into the acromion and upper border of the spine of scapula
32
Lower trapezius insertion
Fibers directed upwards and lateral to insert on the medial end of the spine of scapula
33
Rhomboid major origin and insertion
Origin: SP of T2-T5 Insertion: Medial border of scapula
34
Rhomboid minor origin and insertion
Origin: w/ inferior part of ligamentum nuchae, SP of C7 & T1 Insertion: medial border of scapula
35
Rhomboid major and minor innervation and action
Innervation: Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) Action: Adducts scapula so that inferior moves medially (pinning scapula to the trunk)
36
Elevators of the scapula
Levator Scapula Trapezius Rhomboideus minor and major
37
Intermediate extrinsic muscles
Serratus posterior inferior and superior
38
Serratus Posterior Superior action and innervation
Action: aids in respiration by raising ribs during inspiration Innervation: Intercostal nerves of T2-T5
39
Serratus Posterior Inferior action and innervation
Action: Aids in respiration by depressing ribs during expiration Innervation: Intercostal nerves of T9-T12
40
Splenius capitis action and innervation
Action: Bilateral contraction = extends head Unilateral contraction = laterally flexes and rotates head to same side Innervation: C4, 5, 6, (7,8)
41
Splenius cervicis action and innervation
Action: Bilateral contraction = extends head Unilateral contraction = laterally flexes and rotates head to same side Innervation: C4, 5, 6, (7,8)
42
Palpation of the splenius capitis and cervicis
Between posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid and anterior edge of upper trapezius as the head and neck are rotating These muscles are known to cause headaches
43
Function of the intermediate layer of intrinsic back muscles
Erector spinae muscles | To maintain normal curvature of the spine and extend the vertebral column
44
Erector spinae muscles
3 columns: Iliocostalis - lateral group (lumborum, Thoracis, cervicis) Longissimus - intermediate group (Thoracis, cervicis, capitis) Spinalis - medial (Thoracis, cervicis, capitis)
45
Iliocostalis Lumborum origin and insertion
Origin: median sacral crest and SP of lumbar spine Insertion: lower border of T6-T12 ribs
46
Iliocostalis Thoracis origin and insertion
Origin: superior surface of lower 6 ribs Insertion: upper border of T1-T6 ribs
47
Iliocostalis cervicis origin and insertion
Origin: Superior border of upper 6 ribs Insertion: TVP of C4, 5, 6
48
Longissimus Thoracis origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of lumbar vertebrae Insertion: TVP of thoracic vertebrae, T3-T12 ribs
49
Longissimus cervicis origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of T1-T4 Insertion: TVP of C4-6
50
Longissimus capitis origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of T1-4, articular pillar of C4-C1 Insertion: posterior margin of the mastoid process
51
Spinalis Thoracis origin and insertion
Origin: SP of L1 & 2, T11 & 12 Insertion: SP T1-8 vertebrae
52
Spinalis Capitis origin and insertion
Origin: Spinous Processes of C-2 through C-4 Insertion: Occipital bone between Superior and Inferior Nuchal lines (inconsistent muscle fibers because it is usually inseparably connected with the semispinalis captis)
53
Spinalis Cervicis origin and insertion
Origin: SP C-6 through T-2 (ligamentum Nuchae). Insertion: Spinous Processes of C-2 through C-4
54
Longus capitis origin and insertion
Origin: anterior tubercles of the TVP of C3-6 Insertion: basilar part of the occipital bone
55
Longus capitis innervation and action
Nerve Supply: C1-C3/C4 | Actions: flexion of neck at atlanto-occipital joint
56
Longus colli origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of C5-T3 Insertion: Anterior arch of the atlas
57
Longus colli innervation and action
Nerve Supply: C2-C6 | Actions: Flexes the neck and head
58
Quadratus Lumborum origin and insertion
Origin: Iliac crest. Iliolumbar ligament Insertion: TVPs of lumbar vertebrae. 12th rib
59
Quadratus lumborum innervation and action
Action: • Unilateral: Laterally flexion of the trunk • Bilateral: Extend vertebral column Nerve supply: L-1 to L-3.
60
What is the largest muscle that crosses the Lumbosacral joint?
Quadratus Lumborum
61
Deep intrinsic back muscles
Transversospinal group: - semispinalis group - multifidus - rotatores
62
Overall origin and insertion of transversospinal group
Origin: TVP Insertion: SP 2-4 segments above
63
Transversospinal action
Rotate spine to the opposite side
64
What region is the Multifidus prominent in?
Lumbar | Multifidus are short, trianglular and angle superiorly and medially
65
Semispinalis Thoracic origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of T6-10 Insertion: SP of C6-T
66
Semispinalis Capitis origin and insertion
Origin: TVP of T1-6, articular processes of C4-7 Insertion: occipital bone
67
Semispinalis Cervicis origin and insertion
Origin: T1-6, articular processes of C4-7 Insertion: SP of C2-5
68
Multifidus insertion and origin
Origin: Back of sacrum, mammillary processes of lumbar, TVP of thoracic, articular processes of C4-7 Insertion: SP above point of origin
69
Multifidus action and innervation
action: extension, lateral flexion, rotation to opposite side innervation: posterior ramus of all spinal nerves
70
Cancellous bone
- Inner layer of soft and spongy bone | - trabeculae
71
Cortical bone
- Dense, outer shell of bone | - Haversian system
72
Cancellous bone supports __% of the _______ before | and __% after the age of __.
55% before of the compressive load and 35% after the age of 40
73
The cortex bone supports __% of the compressive load before the age of 40 and __% after then.
45% before and 65% after
74
Roof of the IVF
inferior pedicle notch of the superior vertebrae
75
Floor of the IVF
Superior pedicle notch of the inferior vertebrae
76
Posterior wall of the IVF
Articular process
77
Anterior wall of the IVF
Cervical and Lumbar spine: posterior lateral margins of vertebral body above and below and the disc between them Thoracic spine: posterior lateral margin of the vertebral body above only and the disc
78
Intervertebral foramen
- Where spinal roots leave the spinal cord - from C2 to the sacrum - largest in the lumbar region
79
Flexion of the spine vs. of the vertebrae
Vertebrae: opens IVF Spine: C/L decreases lordosis but increases T kpyhosis
80
Extension of the spine vs. vertebrae
Vertebrae: closes IVF spine: increases C/L lordosis and decreases T kyphosis

Spinal Anatomy (2 decks)

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