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BI401 > QUIZ #2 > Flashcards

QUIZ #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oldest group of bacteria

A

Firmicutes

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2
Q

Several groups of firmicutes are able to form _______

A

endospores

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3
Q

what do endospores do

A

allow the bacterium to survive environmental stress

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4
Q

what is polar division

A

asymmetrical division at the top of the cell, preseptum and septum are formed

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5
Q

what is engulfment

A

prespore is absorbed by mother cell

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6
Q

where is listeria usually found

A

meat processing plants

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7
Q

where is streptococcus themophilus found

A

fermentation, cheese

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8
Q

where is clostridium butulimum found

A

botox

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9
Q

cyanobacteria is capable of _____ ______

A

oxygenic photosynthesis

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10
Q

what is proteobacteria

A

most recently diverged group of bacteria according to molecular phylogenies

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11
Q

what distinguishes eukaryotes

A

nucleus and membrane bound organelles

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12
Q

what are platyhelminthes

A

aceolmate flatworms

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13
Q

what is rotifera

A

microscopic pseudocoelmates

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14
Q

what is nemertea

A

ribbon worms

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15
Q

what are bryophytes

A

“christmas cactus”

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16
Q

what do seedless vascular plants contain

A

silica

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17
Q

what are gymnosperms

A

contain seeds, usually creating a cone

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18
Q

what are angiosperms

A

flowering plants, tabacco, tomato etc

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19
Q

what are chytrids

A

anaerobic gut fungus from cattle

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20
Q

what do chytrids have that other fungus dont

A

multiple nuclei

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21
Q

what is zygomycota

A

fungus that grows on fruits

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22
Q

what is ascomycota

A

truffles!! pigs dig them up worth money

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23
Q

what is basidomycota

A

white button mushrooms

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24
Q

T or F: fungi are more closely related to animals than plants

A

T

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25
Q

what are choanoflagellates

A

sister group of anamalia, cell on the bottom, thread like extensions

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26
Q

what does the collar do for choanoflagellates

A

traps food and moves it in towards the choanocyte, uses phagocytosis

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27
Q

choanoflagellates are said to be a sister group to animals based on the proteins _____ and _____ required for cell adhesion

A

adherins and clatherins

28
Q

what is clorophyta

A

green algae

29
Q

what is rhodophyta

A

red algae

30
Q

rhodophyta is used in what

A

agar, chocolate milk and gummy snaccs

31
Q

What is the simple to complex theory

A

eukaryotes come from simpler prokaryotes through increasing complexity

32
Q

what is the reductive process theory

A

eukaryotes are ancestral and prokaryotes arose through a reductive process

33
Q

the nucleus contains a _______ membrane

A

double

34
Q

what is the central section of the nucleus called

A

heteronucleus

35
Q

what is heterochromatin

A

very compressed DNA

36
Q

what does the nucleus contain

A

transcription machinery & proteins

37
Q

what is the role of the nuclear pore complex

A

let structures into and out of the organelle

38
Q

What is the syntrophy model

A

prokaryotes engulf proteobacteria and become dependant on one another and merge together

39
Q

what is some evidence of the syntrophy model

A

eukaryotic genome organization same as archaea

40
Q

what is the eubacteria theory

A

group of bacteria called planctomycete has a secondary membrane where the DNA is contained, some bacteria contain condensed DNA

41
Q

What is the viral eukaryogenesis theory

A

Assumes RNA world hypothesis is valid, DNA virus infects RNA-based lifeform, gene transfer occurs and makes primitive DNA cell

42
Q

what is some evidence of the viral eukaryogenesis theory

A

some features of nucleus resemble those of viruses

43
Q

what is the inbudding theory

A

inbudding of hte plasma membrane allows vesicle to incorporate DNA inside

44
Q

what is some evidence of the inbudding theory

A

common ancestry of nuclear pore complexes and vesicle coating complexes

45
Q

what is borrelia burdoreri

A

present in ticks, causes lyme disease

46
Q

what is the DNA condensation mechanism in prokaryotes

A

in order to save space, DNA coils and supercoils in order to make a small structure

47
Q

what is the DNA condensation mechanism in eukaryotes

A

DNA beads on a string, fibre packed into nucelosomes and condensed

48
Q

what are exons

A

regions of genes coding for protein, rRNA or tRNA

49
Q

what are introns

A

noncoding sections of RNA transcript that are re spliced out before RNA molecule that is translated into a protein

50
Q

T or F: both eukaryotes and prokaryotes contain introns, caps, etc

A

F, only eukaryotes!!

51
Q

what are plasmids

A

smaller pieces of circular DNA that carry genes

52
Q

T or F: prokaryotes contain plasmids, eukaryotes don’t

A

F

53
Q

what are operons

A

functioning unit of DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter

54
Q

Chromosomes in eukaryotes are condensed by ______

A

histones

55
Q

T or F: Plasmids and operons are often absent in eubacteria

A

F

56
Q

in eukaryotes, ribosome transcription happens in the _____, while translation happens in the ______

A

nucleus, cytoplasm

57
Q

What are some differences between transcription and translation

A

compartmentalization, 5’cap, poly-A tail

58
Q

who proposed theory of symbiogenesis

A

Konstantin Mereschkowski

59
Q

Who proposed that mitochondria were bacteria

A

Ivan Wallin

60
Q

Who proposed that organelles had bacterial origins

A

Lynn Margulis

61
Q

What is some evidence to support the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria

A

Similar in size and morphology, double membrane,

62
Q

Mitochondrial DNA is _____

A

circular

63
Q

T or F: Mitochondria conain their own DNA

A

T

64
Q

T or F: Mitochondrial DNA contains introns

A

F

65
Q

T or F: Mitochondrial DNA is maternal

A

T

BI401 (4 decks)

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