Quiz 2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
Apraxia is a difficulty with
motor planning and programming
How is CAS caused?
1) Known neuro impairment
2) Complex behavioral disorder
3) Idiopathically neurogenic
3 Key features of CAS speech
1) Inconsistent sound errors
2) Lengthened and disrupted co-articulatory transitions between sounds and syllables
3) Inappropriate prosody (stress)
*all with CAS have these features, but it is not enough for diagnosis
Suprasegmental definition
1) Rate
2) Pitch
3) Loudness
Also called prosodic feature, in phonetics, a speech feature such as stress, tone, or word juncture that accompanies or is added over consonants and vowels
Motor speech development trajectory (Hodge, 2000)
Development in order
1) Respiration and phonation
2) Velopharyngeal and laryngeal control (can send air through either mouth or nose) —> oral nasal contrast
3) Mandible (up and down first in the vertical plane)
4) Lips (horizontal plane with lip rounding)
5) Tongue (position, front-back, high or low)
5+) Lax vowels, liquids, refinement of grading movements
CAS Differential diagnosis Indicators (4 Things)
1) Difficulty planning/programming volitional movements for speech
2) Absence of neuromuscular deficits
3) Errors in prosody
4) DDK rates (AMRs and SMRs) are inconsistent
Dysarthria differential diagnosis indicators (4 Things)
1) Paralysis, weakness, abnormal tone, incoordination of speech muscles
2) Phonation, respiration, resonance, and articulation difficulties
3) Speech movements impaired in force, timing, endurance, direction
4) Slurred speech, weakness, low volume ect.
Phonological disorder
Phono disorders have patterns of rule-bound errors: fronting all velars, stopping of fricatives, reducing consonant clusters, etc.
Articulation disorder
You will often see that the client has 1 (or a few) individual sound errors, but doesn’t necessarily have trouble with entire classes of sounds (eg all fricatives, all clusters, etc). Articulation disorders are a result of not understanding what to do with your mouth more than not understanding phonological rule
Similarities between CAS and Phonological Disorders (6 Things)
1) Inventory constraints
2) Omissions in segments and structures
3) Segmental errors
4) Altered prosody
5) Increased errors with increased utterance length or complexity
6) Use of simple but not complex syllable and word shapes
Features of AOS speech (6 features)
1) Articulatory groping
2) Inconsistent errors (vowels)
3) Blurring
4) Slower rate
5) Stress and intonation errors
6) Word retrieval (agrammatism)
Definition of AOS
Neurologic MSD that reflects and impaired capacity to plan or program commands necessary for the positioning and sequencing of speech movements for volitional speech
AOS damage typically in the _______ or ________ lobe.
Frontal or parietal lobe (in the perisylvian area near Broca’s)
AOS has an impaired capacity for
Planning and programming volitional speech
The motor plan is
What to do
- Higher level
- Goal oriented
- Specific movements of articulators
The motor program is
How to do it
- Lower level
- Procedure specific
- Specific movement of each muscle
Most common areas for lesion in AOS
1) Posterior frontal lobe
2) Parietal lobe
3) Insula
4) Basal ganglia
OME results for AOS
1) Nonverbal oral apraxia (NVOA)
2) Non-speech DDKS (open and closing mouth)
3) Trouble following instructions
Are people with AOS aware of their mistakes (possess awareness of sound errors)
Yes, and they self-correct
Ideomotor apraxia (instructional)
Not sure of making volitional movements even when told to do so
Ideational apraxia (kettle)
Movement errors and hesitations. Also errors are made and then self corrected.
What might we use as an assessment task to determine CAS or AOS?
Repetition task
Which is more impacted in AOS; volitional or automatic speech?
Volitional
OME for AOS: will a person improve with a model or unison cues?
Yes
