Quiz 2 Duplicate Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
Latifundia
A
huge farm plantations
2
Q
____ bought farms from ____ ____
A
rich, poor soldiers
3
Q
What did the Licinian-Sextian Law of 367 BCE limit
A
Any one Roman from owning more than 320 acres of land
4
Q
What did the Patrician governors set out to govern
A
The new provinces
5
Q
How many years did Patrician Governors serve
A
1
6
Q
T/F the patrician governors were corrupt
A
True
7
Q
What were the 3 fortunes Patrician Governors tries to amass while in office
A
Bribe the jury, hire the best lawyers, retired on after the trial
8
Q
What was seen as “dirty work” to the Patrician Governors
A
collecting taxes for Rome from their province
9
Q
What is a Publicani
A
A tax collector
10
Q
What were the two violently competing factions in Rome’s politics
A
Populars and Optimates
11
Q
What were the Populars and who did they seek support from
A
Those of the people, look for support from popular assembly, Plebeians, and the mob
12
Q
What were the Optimates and who did they look to support from
A
Those of the best men, support from Patricians and Senate
13
Q
What political position did Tiberius Gracchus hold
A
Plebeian Tribune
14
Q
What did Tiberius Gracchus want to buy from who and make into what
A
Larger Latifundias from the Patricians and Senators and to make them into smaller ager publicus farms
15
Q
Who did Tiberius Gracchus sell/rent farms to
A
Former farmer-soldiers
16
Q
What law did Tiberius Gracchus propose to revise
A
Licinian-Sextian law
17
Q
Who opposed revisions to Licinian-Sextian law
A
Patricians and Senators
18
Q
What did Tiberius Gracchus do that was illegal
A
Ran for second consecutive term to save his life and legislation
19
Q
Who killed Tiberius Gracchus
A
Senate and Pontifex Maximus get “The Mob” to murder him
20
Q
What happens after Tiberius Gracchus dies
A
Checks and Balances in the law start to fail and violence becomes the way to solve political challenges
21
Q
Who is Gaius Gracchus related to
A
younger brother Tiberius
22
Q
What did Gaius Gracchus re-enact
A
Brother’s land reform legislation among other reforms
23
Q
What did the Senate fear Gaius Gracchus was trying to do
A
create the powerbase of a Tyrant
24
Q
Who is Gaius Marius (3) and what government positions did he have (2)
A
Equestrian (Populares), military man, Tribune and then Consul
25
Gaius Marius is from a _____-_____ family AKA "_____ ____"
non-Consular family AKA Novus Homo
26
What were the Marian reforms (4)
Remodels army, full-time pro army, additional pay from looting, reorganizes the Roman legions to be more flexible
27
What did Gaius Marius do to Rome's Italian allies
Allies wanted more rights so he put down their threat to Rome
28
How many times did Gaius Marius make Consul in 20 years, was this constitutional?
7 times, no
29
Who became Rome's first great "warlord"
Gaius Marius
30
What did Lucius Cornelilus Sulla call himself, what did this mean?
Felix, lucky/fortunate one
31
Who was Lucius Cornelius Sulla (3)
Patrician, colleges of Marius, soldier
32
What was King Mithridates of Pontus the ruler of
Rich kingdom on the Black sea
33
King Mithridates of Pontus was an ______ and ______ king
Aggressive and expansionist
34
How many Italians did King Mithridates kill in 1 day
80,000
35
What is the Rostra in the Roman Forum
raised platform where citizens and politicians could make public speeches and where citizens came to hear news
36
What did Marius' men post on the Rostra in the Roman Forum
Lists of his enemies
37
What were Sulla's friends declared as and what happened to them (3)
Outlaws, property confiscated, could be killed on sight for reward
38
What was set on the Rostra as a warning to others
Sulla's friends' heads
39
Triumvirate
Rule of 3 men, political alliance of the 3 most powerful men in Rome to bring stability
40
Who was the wealthiest man in Rome and how did he make his fortune
Crassus, real estate
41
Who is Known as the fireman of Rome
Crassus
42
Who was given the title "magnus" and what did this mean
Pompey, great
43
What was Pompey called earlier in life
Adulescens carnifex (butcher boy)
44
Was Julius Caesar popular or unpopular with the people
Popular
45
What did Caesar want to run for
Consul
46
What started the civil war between Caesar and the Senate/Pompey
They refused him becoming a consul so he crosses the Rubicon River with his army
47
What does Alea Iacta est mean
The die is cast
48
Who defeated who in the battle of Pharsalus
Caesar defeats Pompey's armies
49
What did King Ptolemy present to Caesar and what was Caesar's reaction
Pompey's head, Caesar was horrified because Pompey was a Roman and friend and his victory was robbed
50
Who are the two leaders in the Egyptian civil war
King Ptolemy and Cleopatra
51
Caesar was viewed as... (3)
Arrogant, heavy-handed, power hungry
52
What were the Honestioers, what is drawn from this
more honourable upper class, Senators
53
What were the humiliores
the lower class
54
Your gentes (clan) can provide your ____ for ____ ____
Pedigree, political office
55
What are the Senatorials, how many
governing body of Republican Rome, 300
56
What were the nobiles (3)
Nobility, patrician, senatorial class
57
Equites (Equestrians)
richest class of Plebeians
58
What does Novus Homo mean
new man
59
Cives
Citizens
60
Full Roman citizen's rights (7)
Vote/hold office, marry other citizens and make a will, commerce, trial before urban praetor, appeal criminal case, wear toga, bear 3 names
61
How are the 3 names formatted
given/clan/family
62
Ius Latii
Latin (partial) citizenship
63
What was the incentives for Latins to gain Roman citizenship (6)
no vote, limited political/legal rights, must serve in military, hard to marry into Roman family, Roman woman would lose her status if married a non-roman, could do business in Rome
64
Peregrines
Non-Romans, non-Latins
65
What did Peregrines lack
All rights of Roman citizens
66
T/F Peregrines could marry non-citizens
True
67
What is the patron-client system
Social inferior (client) attaches self to a social superior (patron) for legal and political protection
68
What is the Patronus/Patron required to do
Provide support and protection to his clients
69
What are clients expected to do
Meet at Patron's house each morning and offer him the salutatio
70
What is Salutatio
client's morning greeting to patron
71
What is a sportula and who gives it
Little basket (money or food) given by patron to client
72
What is servus, what is it a symbol of (3)
Slave, manpower, status, wealth
73
Vernae
Slaves born on the master's estate
74
What is the "best" slave job
Domestic/household
75
What were the worst slave jobs
Agriculture and mine
76
Ergastula
Prison barracks where escaped slaves were locked up
77
What does a tag with TMQF or "tene me quia fugio" mean
Hold me, because I run away
78
Who was a leader in the 3rd Servile war
Spartacus
79
Contubernium, what was it a term for
Cohabitation with a fellow slave, term for slave common law marriage
80
Manumission
setting a slave free
81
3 reasons for manumission
long/exceptional service, saving master's life, exchange for peculium (buying freedom)
82
3 methods for manumission
by the rod, testament, informal
83
freed slave become ___ of ____ ____
client, former master
84
libertus
freedperson/ex-slave
85
T/F libertus children cannot move up the political ranks
False
86
collegia
burial/social clubs
87
What did the family paedagogus do
Escorted, tutored, and disciplined children in wealthier families
88
Athens was the world's first ____
university
89
Ludus
school
90
School day was from ___ to _____
dawn, mid afternoon
91
numen
divine power
92
Pontifex Maximus
chief priest
93
what does the Pontifex Maximus do (3)
oversees religious orthodoxy, chooses priests, Vest Virgins
94
Vestal Virgins (3)
sworn to chastity, guardians of the numen of the house and womanly virtues
95
Augur
priests who examine movements of star, bird flights, other natural phenomena to see the will of the gods
96
Haruspex
Priests who examine entrails of sacrificial animals to see the will of the gods
97
Suovetaurilia
sacrifice of pig, sheep, and bull
98
God of Potrunus was god of what
Harbors and ports
99
Lares
gods of field and property
100
Penates
Gods of closets and cupboards
101
Official periods of mourning: parents/children over 6, children under 6, husband or wife, close blood relative
parents/children: 1 years, children under 6: 1 month, husband/wife: 10 months, close blood relative: 8 months
102
Columbarium
underground chamber with niches carved into the walls to hold urns
103
Family mausoleum
Roman catacombs
104
Collegium
social club for poor and ex-slaves/freedpersons which provides funerals and banquets for members
105
Why were Epicureans banned from Rome
shunned for their immoral pleasures
106
What is the universe made up of according to the atomic theory of Democritus
Atoms and Void
107
According to the atomic theory of Democritus, atoms are... (4)
Eternal, indestructible, always there, invisible
108
What happens to Atoms upon death of person
Break apart and form something new
109
Romans believed that you shouldn't fear death because
you will be reborn
110
What was the most popular philosophy among Romans
Stoicism
111
What did Stoicism believed about emotions (2)
Irrational and harmful
112
What did Stoicism believed about nature
Live in harmony with nature
113
Stoics believed in a _______ of ___
Brotherhood, man
114
What did Marcus Aurelius write
Stoic philosophy in Meditations
115
Contubernium
marital union not recognized by law
116
Betrothal min. age
10
117
What did Roman brides wear on wedding day (5)
Long white dress, hercules knot, flame red veil and shoes, ornate hair with ribbons, floral headress
118
Confarreatio
Religious wedding
119
Manus
husband's legal control over wife
120
Lucius Livius Andronicus is the father of ____ _____
Latin Literature
121
Quintus Ennius was the father of _____ _____
Latin poetry
122
Who was Polybius (3)
Greek historian, soldier, political hostage
123
Who was Titus Maccius Plautus
Roman comedic playwright
124
Who was Terence
Comedic playwright
125
Cato was the father of _____ _____
Latin Prose
126
Gaius Lucilius was one of the earliest ______ ______
Roman satirists
127
Who wrote De Re Publica and De Legibus
Cicero
128
Who is the historian who wrote Jugurthine war, Catiline conspiracy, and the histories
Sallust
129
Who were early Rome laws passed by (3)
Paterfamilias, King, Consuls
130
Who were the edicts of magistrates carried out by (2)
Praetors and Peregrine Praetors
131
What did the magistrate edicts rely on and provide
Rely on professional legal experts, provide remedies for new civil matters
132
What were the 3 edicts of Emperors
Mandata, Decreta, Rescripta
133
What is the Mandata
administrative instructions to the Emperor’s officials
134
What is the Decreta
judicial decision of the Emperor
135
What is the Rescripta
Imperial statement of what Emperor’s decision would be if the facts proved as stated in the petition or request made to him
136
What is the consilium principis
emperor's council or jurists and legal experts
137
What did jurists begin
The study of law
138
What were the 12 tables
Rome's first written law code
139
T/F, the Twelve Tables were a complete code of law
False, list of definitions of various private rights and procedures
140
What were all Roman Laws gathered into
Corpus Juris Civilis
141
What was a major influence in modern Western Law
Justinian's code
142
What were the four parts of the CJC
The Code, Digest, Institutes, Novels
143
What is the Digest component of the CJC
Contained all decisions made by great Roman jurists
144
What is the Institutes component of the CJC
general textbook used by law students
145
What is the Novels component of the CJC
all of the new laws passed by Justinian himself during his reign
146
What did Cicero say about the law
Spirit of law instead of Letter of law, basically what the law means (principles) not just what it says
147
How many days to pay fines
30 days
148
What two crimes resulted in public executions
Corruption and rebellion
149
Who were treated better during punishment, rich or poor
Rich
150
All cases in Roman law look at what two circumstances
Aggravating and mitigating
151
Who were the Police force supplemented by
Vigiles (firemen)
152
What type of clock was used in law courts
Water clock
153
Julius Caesar assassinated on the _____ of March
Ides
154
How many days were in Caesar's calendar
365 1/4 days
155
Who was July named after
Julius Caesar
156
Who was August named after
Augustus
157
Who were the two leading conspirators in the assassination of Caesar
Brutus and Cassius
158
What were the citizen's reactions to the assassins
Did not rise up in support so the assassins had to flee
159
What did Octavian Caesar change his name to (4)
Gaius Julius Casar Octavianus
160
What did Octavian and Lepidus create
alliance to share power and keep the peace
161
What was the purpose of tha alliance called the Triumvirs for the Restoration of the State (3)
Bring Caesar's assassins to justice, avenge his murder, and return Empire to stability
162
Who does Antony marry
Cleopatra
163
Was the marriage between Antony and Cleopatra legal and why?
No, Cleopatra is a foreigner under Roman law
164
Who wins the Battle of Actium
Octavian
165
Who flees after the Battle of Actium (2), what do they do after the flee
Antony and Cleopatra, commit suicide
166
What did Octavian do when he gained sole power in Rome
Created the appearance of a Republic by giving most of his power back to the Senate through a process of Trial and Error
167
What title did Octavian prefer
Princeps (First Citizen)
168
What did Octavian's rule become known as
Principate
169
What is Pax Romana
The Roman Peace (long period of peace and prosperity)
170
Who aided Octavian
3rd wife Livia
171
What are the 4 Pillars of the Principate
People, Equestrians, Senate, Army
172
Who is Julia
Only natural child of Octavian and was exiled to a small island for adultery
