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107 > Quiz 2. Ethical Theory and philosophy > Flashcards

Quiz 2. Ethical Theory and philosophy Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Amoral

A

Lacking a moral sense

Unconcerned w/ right or wrongness of something

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2
Q

Immoral

A

Not conforming to accepted standards of morality

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3
Q

Character

A

The mental and moral qualities distinctive to an individual

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4
Q

Morality

A

Principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior

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5
Q

Duty

A

a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.

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6
Q

Right

A

morally good, justified, or acceptable

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7
Q

Privilege

A

a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group of people.

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8
Q

What is ethical theory?

A

Moral Development

How do individuals become moral, born or learned? (both)

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9
Q

Moral development occurs in progressive steps

A

Ethically right
Ethically wrong
Ethically permissible

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10
Q

Ethically right

A

Required, must be preformed or followed

No room for choice

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11
Q

Ethically wrong

A

No choice, must be followed

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12
Q

Ethically permissible

A

Allows for choice, neither required nor prohibited

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13
Q

Theories of moral development

A

Males Justice Orientation
Female Ethic of care
Lawerence Kohlbergs Theory

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14
Q

Male Justice Orientation

A

Piaget

Kohlberg

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15
Q

Piaget

A

Four stage model
Amoral, Egocentirc, Heteronomous, Autonomous
Dealt w/ male children

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16
Q

Amoral Stage

A

Sensory Motor

Child interacts w/ env

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17
Q

Egocentric Stage

A

Preoperational

Bends rules and reacts instinctively

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18
Q

Heteronomous Stage

A

Concrete-motor stage

Accepts moral authority of others

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19
Q

Autonomous Stage

A

Formal
Morality of self-based
Can see how actions affect future

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20
Q

Kholbergs Overview

A

Dealt w/ children and adults

Cognitive, sequential, hierarchial, universal

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21
Q

Cognitive

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A

based on thinking and influenced by experience

22
Q

Sequential

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A

one stage builds on another

23
Q

Hierarchial

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A

each stage is better than the previous

24
Q

Universal

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A

Applicable to all persons and culture

25
Levels of Kohlbergs Theory
1- Pre-conventional 2- Conventional 3- Post-conventional
26
Pre-conventional
Value resides in physical happenings, bad acts or needs Rules are set by others Punishment all tied w/ wrongness
27
Preconventional stages
1. Obedience and punishment (obeys rules to avoid punishment) 2. Instrumental relativist orientation ( obeys to obtain rewards and benefits, self interest)
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Conventional
Value resides in good or right roles, maintaining order Satisfies ones own needs Not just one right view
29
Conventional Stages
3. Interpersonal concordance orientation (good boy, nice girl morality, seeks acceptance rather than support right decisions, praise) 4. Law and order orientation (blindly accepts rules, doing one's duty, Social order maintained)
30
Post-conventional
Define values by ethical principle
31
Post-conventional stages
5. Social Contract legalistic orientation (accept laws for community well being, laws are open to change as long as basic principles aren't) 6. Universal ethical principle orientation (guided by a set of strong internal principles, defined by decision of conscious)
32
Difference b/w social contract and universal ethical principle?
To civil disobedience and commit to justice
33
Female ethic of care
Women tend to see morality in context of relationship called, ethic of care Female moral reasoning is different to male
34
Gilligan's Model of moral development
Level 1, 2, 3
35
Level 1 of Gilligan's
Orientation to individual, survival, and being moral is surviving by being submissive to society (I love me and I love you)
36
Level 2 of Gilligan's
Goodness as self-sacrifice, where being moral is first of all not hurting others w/ no though of hurt to self (I love you more than me)
37
Level 3 of Gilligan's
Morality of nonviolence, avoiding hurt becomes the moral guide governing all moral reasoning (I love myself and you)
38
Cognitive Development Theory
People operate on their experiences in order to make sense of them and those experience in turn change the basic way by which they construct meanings
39
Metaethics
Technical investment The meaning or significance of what is right or wrong (good or evil) Normative Ethics is a branch of metaethics
40
Normative Ethics
Group of theories that provide, define, and defend a system or principles and rules that determine whether actions are right or wrong Deontology (Nonconsequentialism) Teleology (Utilitarian/Consequentialism)
41
Deontology
Emphasis on duty, an obligation, an act to be done regardless of the consequences Principle based ethics
42
Teleology
Consequentialism, end or goal Consequentialism is predicted on the idea that the rightness or wrongness of any action is going to be determined and justified by the consequences of the act (Do what's good even if it's not in hygienist best belief)
43
What's the different between teleogists and deontologist?
Tele- concerned w/ the results of the action | Deon- Concerned w/ principle behind an action
44
What are the major ethical theories?
Virtue (Character based) Duty Utilitarian (consequence based, act and rules) Social Justice (Right to have rights)
45
Virtue Ethics (Aristotle, Plato)
Virtues are excellence in character that enable individuals to live well in communities To be virtuous involves choosing the middle, moderate ground b/w two extremes (Judge by character instead of actions)
46
Duty Ethics (Kant)
Following duty, not pleasure Acts are morally right regardless of consequences Deontological: obligation or duty
47
3 basic duties
Absolute- binding under all circumstances (have to do it) Prima facie- at first glance Conditional- commitment that comes into being after certain conditions are met
48
Utilitarian Ethics (Mill)
Acts are right and good which produce that greatest happiness for the greatest amount of people Actions are judged right or wrong by consequences Teleology: end of goal
49
Social Philosophy
Justice- fairness, impartiality Rights- valid claims guaranteed in society Equality- state of being equal Ex: Utilitarians understand social justice as a means to happiness, no one should suffer, priorities should be basic. ROBIN HOOD THEORY
50
Rawls Theory of Justice
People have the right to equal basic liberties that a society affords. Ex: Police speeding Gifted people need to pay poor
51
Professional Socialization
Compliance, Identification, Internalization

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