QUIZ 2: FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES

Question 1

FUNCTIONS OF WATER

Answer 1

Medium for metabolic reactions within cells
Transporter for nutrients, waste products, and other substances
Lubricant
Insulator and shock absorber
Regulates and maintain body temperature

Question 2

average adult weight - ____
infants - ______
older adults - ______

Answer 2

46 - 60% fluids
70 - 80
50%

Question 3

found within the cells of the body
contains solutes such as oxygen, electrolytes and glucose

Answer 3

Intracellular fluid (ICF)

Question 4

found outside the cells and accounts 1/3 of total body fluid

Answer 4

Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 5

found within the vascular system

Answer 5

Intravascular fluid or plasma

Question 6

surrounds the cell

Answer 6

Interstitial fluid

Question 7

includes CSF, pericardial fluid, pancreatic, pleural, intraocular, biliary, peritoneal and synovial fluids

Answer 7

Transcellular fluids

Question 8

are charged particles capable of conducting electricity

Answer 8

ELECTROLYTES

Question 9

• positively charged
• Na, K, Ca, Mg

Answer 9

Cations

Question 10

• negatively charged
• CI, bicarbonate HCO3, phosphate HPO4, sulfate SO4
  • Measured in milliequivalents per Inter of water (mEq/L)

Answer 10

Anions

Question 11

• is the movement of water across cell membranes, from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution

Answer 11

Osmosis

Question 12

• the concentration solutes in body fluids

Answer 12

Osmolality

Question 13

• used to refer to the molality of a solution

Answer 13

Tonicity

Question 14

• solution has the same osmolality as body fluids ex. Normal saline or 0.9% sodium chloride

Answer 14

Isotonic

Question 15

• solutions have higher osmolality than body fluids ex. 3% NaCl

Answer 15

Hypertonic

Question 16

• solutions have lower osmolality than body fluids ex. ½ normal saline or 0.45% NaCl

Answer 16

Hypotonic

Question 17

• is the power of a solution to draw water across a semipermeable membrane

Answer 17

Osmotic Pressure

Question 18

• is the continual intermingling of molecules in liquids, gasses, or solids brought about by the random movement of the molecules

Answer 18

Diffusion

Question 19

• movement of substances across cell membranes from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated one. ex. Sodium - potassium pump

Answer 19

Active Transport

Question 20

135 to 180 L of plasma / day is filtered
1.5L of urine is excreted
significant role acid-base regulation ( excrete H and retain HCO3)

Answer 20

Kidneys

Question 21

regulates water excretion from kidney
factors affect production
increase serum osmolality
decrease serum osmolality
blood volume, temperature, pain, stress and opiates, barbiturates, nicotine

Answer 21

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 22

• Angiotensin system
  promote water and Na retention
  released when blood flow or pressure decreases
  promotes the release of aldosterone

Answer 22

Renin

Question 23

release from the atrium of the heart in response to excess blood volume
promotes Na wasting and acts as potent diuretic
inhibits thirst

Answer 23

Atrial natriuretic factor

Question 24

charged ions capable of conducting electricity
present in all body fluids and fluid compartments

Answer 24

REGULATING ELECTROLYTE

Question 25

maintaining fluid balance contributing acid-base regulation facilitating enzyme reactions transmitting neuromuscular reactions

Answer 25

Uses of Electrolytes

Question 26

Most abundant cation in ECF Major contributor to serum osmolality Bacon, ham, processed foods and salt

Answer 26

Sodium (Na+)

Question 27

Major cation in ICF Vital for skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle activity Fruits and vegetables, meat, fish

Answer 27

Potassium (K+)

Question 28

Abundant in skeletal system, small amount in ECr Vital in regulating muscle contraction and relaxation, neuromuscular function and cardiac function ECF Ca regulated by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcitriol

Answer 28

Calcium (Ca+)

Question 29

Found in skeleton and ICF Important in production and use of ATP, protein and DNA synthesis within cells Cereal grains, nuts, dried fruits, legumes and green leafy veg.

Answer 29

Magnesium (Mg+)

Question 30

Major anion of ECF Function with Na to regulate serum osmolality and blood volume Acts as a buffer in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in RBC

Answer 30

Chloride (CI-)

Question 31

Major anion of ICF Essential for functioning of muscles, nerves and RBC, metabolism of protein, fat, and CHO Meat, fish, poultry, milk products and legumes

Answer 31

Phosphate (PO4)

Question 32

- is a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+)

Answer 32

ACIDS

Question 33

- or alkaline have low hydrogen ion concentration Normal arterial blood pH - 7.35-7.45

Answer 33

BASES

Question 34

- water & electrolytes gained or lost in equal

Answer 34

ISOTONIC

Question 35

water & electrolytes lost in equal proportions

Answer 35

Fluid Volume Deficit

Question 36

water and electrolytes retained in equal proportion

Answer 36

Fluid Volume Excess

Question 37

- gained or lost of water only

Answer 37

Osmolar

Question 38

dehydration

Answer 38

Hyperosmolar Imbalance

Question 39

water excess / overhydration

Answer 39

Hyposmolar Imbalance