Quiz 2: GI lecture Flashcards by Jennifer Tarbet

Actions of Bitters

Stimulate saliva and digestive process
Increases Grehlin and CCK
Stimulates motility
Anti-inflammatory to GI mucosa
Stimulates proliferation of mucosal cells

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Actions: astringent, nutritive, alterative, lymphagogue

Specificity of seat: GI mucosa, respiratory tract (minor)

Rumex crispus

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Part used: inner bark

Actions: soothing to mucous membranes, anti-inflammatory

Ulmus fulva

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used in the treatment of gallstones because it is a solvent of cholesterol. It is also used in treatment of GERD because it promotes peristalsis and protects GI mucosa.

D-limonene

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_____________ are the primary medicinal contstituents in the purgative/cathartic herbs.

Anthroquinone glycosides

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Bitter tasting flavonoid glycosides
non- bitter flavonoids
1-2% essential oil
many phenols

Citrus sinensis/aurantium

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Actions: soothing to mucous membranes, stimulates cell regeneration, anti-inflammatory
Part used: root

Althea officinalis

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Actions: astringent, styptic,
used for lack of tone in the
GI tract
Specificity of seat: GI tract, genitourinary tract

Geranium maculatum

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Indications:
Dyspepsia
“Intestinal atony” (weak digestion)
Hypochlorhydria
Malabsorption
Disordered digestion

Citrus sinensis/aurantium

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much employed as a carminative, and as a corrigent of other less pleasant medicine

Foeniculum vulgare

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Constituents: sesquiterpenes alpha-Bisabolol and Chamazulene, Matricin, Apigenin

Matricaria recutita

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Indications for Linum usitatissimum

Chronic constipation
Colons damaged by abuse of laxatives, irritable colon, diverticulitis
Mucilage for gastritis and enteritis

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Actions: Carminative, stomachic, antiemetic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, nervine, anti-ulcerogenic, bitter
Specificity of Seat: GI tract and nervous system

Matricaria recutita

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Contraindications of citrus sinensis/aurantium

Hyperchlorhydria
Acute Gastritis
Acute diarrhea
Acute IBD flare
Acute peptic ulcer
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Concomitant acid blocker drug therapy

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Bitter tonic to stimulate digestion. Central to many classic digestive bitter formulas, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cholagogue.
Major constituents = Secoiridoid glycosides

Gentiana lutea

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Actions: Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, carminative, galactagogue, bitter
Energetics: warming, aromatic, bitter, sweet
Specificity of Seat: Hollow tubes

Foeniculum vulgare

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exert its peculiar effects only in small doses

Matricaria recutita

Constituents: tannins, small amount of anthraquinone glycosides, oxalic acid (mostly in the leaves), rich in iron.

Rumex crispus

Contains glycoprotein Acemannan

Aloe barbadensis

Medicinal uses - carminative, stomachic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diaphoretic, diuretic, antimicrobial, expectorant, antitussive, decreases platelet aggregation, increases digestive enzyme activity, antiemetic
Specificity of seat: circulatory, digestive, respiratory

Zingiber officinale

Contraindications of Psyllium

Stenosis of the gastrointestinal tract.
Obstruction or threatening obstruction of the bowel.
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

Name the irritant laxatives

Rhamnus purshiana – Cascara 
Rhamnus frangula – Buckthorn
Aloe barbadensis  - Aloe latex
Cassia angustifolia – Senna
Rheum palmatum – Rhubarb

Specific actions of Psyllium

Increase or decrease motility (diarrhea vs. constipation)
Increase volume of stool
lowers serum cholesterol level
reduces postprandial blood glucose elevations.

Part used: Inner leaf gel

Actions: soothing to mucous membranes, vulnerary, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating

Aloe barbadensis

Indications for Plantago

Chronic constipation Disorders whereby easy bowel movements with a loose stool are desirable Anal fissures Hemorrhoids Following anal/rectal surgery During pregnancy as a secondary medication for varying kinds of diarrhea IBS Restoration and maintenance of regularity Constipation due to duodenal ulcer or diverticulitis Hyperlipidemia

Medicinal parts: Inner bark of this pacific coast shrub. Collection: The bark is stripped in spring to fall. Preparations: the bark may be decocted or tinctured, but should be aged at least two years before using to avoid an overly harsh effect.

Rhamnus purshiana

Name 3 Bulk Laxatives

Plantago spp. - psyllium seed Salvia hispanica – chia seed Linum usitatissimum – flax seed

Contraindication for Linum usitatissimum

Ileus of any origin

Actions Irritant Laxative, can be too harsh and cathartic, causing griping and a watery diarrhea. Stimulates peristalsis - acts through stimulating autonomic nervous system by stimulating auerbach’s plexus

Rhamnus purshiana

Contains Fixed oil (30–45%)

Linum usitatissimum

Part used: seed | Actions: antispasmodic diuretic

Ammi visnaga

``` Echinacea angustifolia – 1 part Phytolacca decandra – 1 part Althea officinalis – 1 part Hydrastis canadensis – 1 part Geranium maculatum – 1 part ```

Robert’s Formula

``` Iberis amara - bitter candytuft Angelica archangelica root Carum carvi -caraway seed Silybum marianum - milk thistle seed Melissa officinalis - lemon balm leaf Chelidonium majus - greater celandine Glycyrrhiza glabra - licorice root Mentha pipertia - peppermint leaf Matricaria recutita - chamomile flower ```

STW5 - Iberogast

Contains Emodin; | OTC sale was banned by the FDA in 2002

Rhamnus purshiana

Aloe Rhubarb root Theriac Venetian Zedoary root Manna Angelica Root Carline thistle Myrrh Senna Saffron Camphor

Swedish Bitters

Ulmus, Althea, Okra, Baptisia, Geranium, Hydrastits, Zingiber, Niacinamide, Pork Duodenum powder.

Bastyr Formula B

bitter stomachic, smooth muscle tonic, antiulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory

Iberis amara

Actions: antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic anodyne, anti-emetic and expectorant Specificity of Seat: smooth muscle Especially effective in bilious colic

Dioscorea villosa

Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) 4 parts Aloe ferox / A. socotrina (Cape Aloe/ Bitter aloe latex) Not the Gel! 2 parts (O.G. Carroll)

The Famous 42s

``` Rheum palmatum – rhubarb rhizome Mentha piperita – Peppermint leaf and EO Potassium carbonate 1.6% Sugar Brandy ```

Neutralizing Cordial