QUIZ 2 - Intro to Pub2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is herd immunity?
When enough people are immune to a disease (from vaccines or past infection), it can’t spread easily, protecting even those who aren’t immune.
What is passive surveillance?
Routine collection of notifiable events, supported by law, often verified by labs.
What is active surveillance?
Involves detecting outbreaks and actively searching for cases (e.g., environmental hazards).
What is an STD and which age group is most affected?
Infections from sexual contact (e.g., HIV, chlamydia), most common in ages 15–24, especially under 20.
What is primordial prevention?
Prevents future health hazards (e.g., teaching kids healthy habits).
What is primary prevention?
Stops disease before it starts (e.g., healthier diets, prevention programs).
What is secondary prevention?
Early detection and treatment (e.g., blood pressure checks).
What is tertiary prevention?
Manages disease to avoid complications (e.g., surgery, stents).
What are the core domains of environmental health?
Food safety, occupational health, vector-borne diseases, chemical contamination.
What are the characteristics of good public health surveillance?
Strong theory, ongoing data, clear purpose, and regular reporting.
What are some predictions about global warming?
Civil unrest, natural disasters, migration, mental health issues, and increased social isolation.
What are vector-borne diseases and how are they controlled?
Spread by insects; controlled through virus monitoring, mosquito control, and public education.
What are mechanically contact diseases?
Spread person-to-person, often asymptomatic, requiring mandatory surveillance.
Why are work-related diseases a health priority?
They cause illness, economic loss, and social inequality. Prevention and regulation are key.
What percent of diseases are notifiable?
0.69
What was the aim of the angina study?
To measure angina and its link to other conditions in older adults in low/middle-income countries.
Where was angina most common in the study?
Russia, especially in people with hypertension and depression.
What was the objective of Academic Paper 1 (Session 4) on angina?
To estimate how common angina is and how it relates to conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and depression in older adults from six low- and middle-income countries.
What was the overall prevalence of angina in the study from Academic Paper 1?
Angina was common among older adults, but exact rates varied by country.
Which country had the highest prevalence of angina in Academic Paper 1?
Russia had the highest prevalence, especially in people with hypertension and depression.
What was identified as the primary cause of asthma in Academic Paper 5 (Session 5)?
Asthma attacks are mainly triggered by infections, allergens, pollution, and poor medication use.
Which demographic group was overrepresented in asthma hospitalizations (Academic Paper 5)?
Women aged 20–49 were 2.5 times more likely to be hospitalized for asthma than men the same age.
What percentage of asthma patients were admitted to ICU in the UK (Academic Paper 5)?
About 1.4% of asthma patients were admitted to ICU over a 10-year period.
What was the aim of the study in Academic Paper 6 on males and ASE?
To explore attitudes of men who have sex with men (MSM) toward anal self-examination (ASE) for detecting anal syphilis.
