Quiz #2 - Menstrual cycle disorders

Question 1

Dysfunctional menstrual cycle

Answer 1

Dysfunctional bleeding in postpubertal women

absent, scanty, infrequent, excessive bleeding during periods or bleeding in between periods

Question 2

Dysfunctional menstrual cycle (2 reasons): most often due to …

Answer 2

• Lack of ovulation
• Disturbances of hormonal secretion (low estrogen or absent progesterone)

Low Estrogen> causes retrogression of a previously built-up endometrium and bleeding (irregular in amount and duration)

No progesterone > with no progesterone, estrogen induces development of a much thicker endometrial layer with a richer blood supply. No ovulation > no corpus luteum > no progesterone secretion

Question 3

Anovulatory bleeding

Answer 3

Absence of ovulation

vasoconstriction and myometrial contractions that normally accompany menstruation are caused by progesterone.
With no ovulation > heavy flow and seldom cramps.
This is common among adolescents during 1st years after menarche.

Question 4

Non-hormonal causes of irregular menstrual bleeding include:

Answer 4

endometrial polyps
submucosa myoma (fibroid)
bleeding disorder
infection
endometrial CA
PCOS
Pregnancy

Question 5

Amenorrhea

Answer 5

Absence of menstruation

Question 6

Dysmenorrhea

Answer 6

Pain or discomfort with menstruation

Question 7

Menorrhagia

Answer 7

Excessive flow of menstruation

Question 8

Metrorrhagia

Answer 8

Bleeding between periods

Question 9

Amenorrhea: Primary

Answer 9

Failure to menstruate by 15yo or by 13yo with no secondary sex characteristics.

Due to: Gonadal dysgenesis

Question 10

Amenorrhea: Secondary

Answer 10

Cessation of menses for at least 6 months in a woman who has established normal menstrual cycles.

> ovarian, pituitary, or hypothalamic causes, infections

Question 11

Dysmenorrhea: Primary

Answer 11

Menstrual pain that is not associated with physical abnormality or pathologic process.

Symptoms may begin 1 to 2 days before menses, peak on the 1st day of flow and subside within hours to several days.

S+S: headache, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, …

Question 12

Dysmenorrhea: Secondary

Answer 12

Caused by specific organic conditions, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, pelvic adhesions, IUDs, or PID.

Question 13

menstrual cycle: symptom control/Tx

Answer 13

Analgesics: aspirin, acetaminophen, prostaglandin synthase inhibitors (ibuprofen, naproxen, ..) > no contraception

symptomatic relief and contraception (ovulation suppression) : oral contraceptives!

no ovulation >no corpus luteum > no progesterone > no cramps and all menses-related BS) :D :D LOL!