Quiz 2 Motor Pathways, Flaccid, Spastic and Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 1

A LMN lesion to CN V, we expect to see the jaw deviate to the ___ side during opening

Answer 1

weak/affected

Question 2

A right lower facial weakness is consistent with damage to ____

Answer 2

Left UMN

Question 3

Atrophy is a confirmatory sign for _____ dysarthria

Answer 3

Flaccid

Question 4

Fasciculations are confirmatory signs for _____

Answer 4

Flaccid dysarthria

Question 5

Flaccid dysarthria affects the muscle of:

Answer 5

respiration, phonation, articulation, prosody, and resonance

Question 6

Flaccid Dysarthria is:

Answer 6

a motor speech disorder caused by disruption of the flow of neural impulses along the lower motor neurons

Question 7

In flaccid dysarthria, hypernaslity is usually due to damage to _____

Answer 7

CN X

Question 8

The combined presence of what two symptoms is the strongest confirmatory sign that flaccid dysarthria is the correct diagnosis?

Answer 8

hypernasality and phonatory incompetence

Question 9

The final common pathway refers to:

Answer 9

lower motor neurons

Question 10

The most common speech characteristics of flaccid dysarthria include:

Answer 10

hypernasality, imprecise consonants, and breathy voice quality

Question 11

The primary neuromuscular characteristic in patients with flaccid dysarthria is ____.

Answer 11

weakness

Question 12

We expect to see the tongue deviated to the ____ side a LMN lesion to CN XII

Answer 12

weak/affected

Question 13

What are three evaluation tasks commonly used in evoking the speech characteristics most associated with dysarthria in motor speech evaluation?

Answer 13

conversational speech and reading, AMR tasks, and vowel prolongations

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a cause of flaccid dysarthria?

Answer 14

Post-traumatic stress syndrome

*True: physical trauma, brainstem stroke, muscular dystrophy

Question 15

Damage to CN XII will result in dysphonia

Answer 15

False

CN X

Question 16

True or False

Damage to indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spasticity) in individuals with dysarthria

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Fasciculations are a sign of LMN damage

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Hyperreflexia is a sign of LMN damage

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Hypotonia is a sign of LMN damage

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Repeating “puhtuhkuh” is an example of SMR

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or False

The cerebellum plays a role in motor programming

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts belong to the extrapyramidal system

Answer 22

False

Question 23

The corticobulbar tract plays an important role for normal speech production

Answer 23

True

Question 24

The muscles of the left half of the upper face receive innervation only from the ipsilateral motor cortex

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Unilateral LMN damage usually results in a mild flaccid dysarthria

Answer 25

True

Question 26

A single stroke can cause spastic dysarthria only when it occurs in the \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 26

brainstem

Question 27

Bulbar palsy is:

Answer 27

A general term meaning atrophy and weakness in muscles innervated through the medulla

Question 28

Damage to the _____ pathways (or _____ system) causes weak and slow movement of the tongue, lips, velum, and other speech structures

Answer 28

Pyramidal; direct activation

Question 29

Damage to the _____ pathways (or _____ system) can result in *weakness, increased muscle tone* (spasticity), and abnormal muscle reflexes

Answer 29

Extrapyramidal; indirect activation

Question 30

In which dysarthria type is slowness of speech the most pronounced and common?

Answer 30

spastic dysarthria

Question 31

Of the five components of speech, which one is the least compromised with the presence of spastic dysarthria?

Answer 31

respiration

Question 32

Of the following statements regarding differential diagnosis between flaccid dysarthria and spastic dysarthria, which one is FALSE?

Answer 32

Hypernasality is often more severe in spastic dysarthria than in flaccid dysarthria

Question 33

Pathological oral reflexes are consistent with ____ dysarthria

Answer 33

spastic

Question 34

Pseudobulbar palsy is:

Answer 34

used to describe spastic dysarthria

Question 35

Spastic Dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to:

Answer 35

the pyramidal and extrapyramidal neural pathways

Question 36

Spastic Dysarthria is due to which kind of damage?

Answer 36

Bilateral UMN

Question 37

The difference between the hypernasality noted in spastic dysarthria and flaccid dysarthria is that hypernasality in spastic dysarthria does not genrerally include\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

Nasal emission

Question 38

The most common articulation disorder in patients with spastic dysarthria, according to Darley et al is:

Answer 38

imprecise consonants

Question 39

Uncontrollable crying or laughing that can accompany damage to the upper motor neurons of the brainstem, caused by damage to the areas of the brain that are important in inhibiting emotions is known as:

Answer 39

pseudobulbar affect

Question 40

What are possible causes of spastic dysarthria?

Answer 40

stroke, ALS, traumatic head injury, multiple sclerosis

Question 41

What is one of the features that distinguish spastic dysarthria from flaccid dysarthria?

Answer 41

Spastic dysarthria is caused by bilateral damage to upper motor neurons

Question 42

Which neuromuscular characteristic is consistent with spastic dysarthria?

Answer 42

spasticity

Question 43

Damage to indirect activation pathway (extrapyramidal system) is a cause of strained vocal quality (i.e. spasticity) in individuals with dysarthria

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Damage to indirect activation pathways result in increased muscle tone, spasticity and over responses of reflexes

Answer 44

True

Question 45

In spastic dysarthria, damages to the extrapyramidal system would result in weakness and reduced muscle tones for speech components

Answer 45

False

Question 46

In spastic dysarthria, we look for patterns of movement of the speech components instead of weakness for a specific muscle

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Pseudobulbar affect (emotional lability) is most commonly associated with ataxic dysarthria

Answer 47

False

Question 48

The pyramidal system is responsible for facilitating discrete, skilled motor movements, such as speech sounds

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Ataxic dysarthria is associated with damage to the:

Answer 49

cerebellum

Question 50

Patients with ____ dysarthria tend to present unsteady vowel prolongation

Answer 50

ataxic

Question 51

The cerebellum influences speech production through:

Answer 51

the (cortico) cerebellar control circuit and indirect synapses to other cortical areas

Question 52

The cerebellum is a very important part of the:

Answer 52

Motor system

Question 53

The most prevalen speech error (Darley et al., 1969) in ataxic dysarthria is:

Answer 53

imprecise consonant production

Question 54

The movement deficits of timing, force, range, and direction known as \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 54

Cerebellar Ataxia

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT a prosodic deficit present in the speech of individuals with ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 55

All articulatory breakdowns prolonged phonemes monopitch slow rate

Question 56

Which speech systems are most impacted by ataxic dysarthria?

Answer 56

articulation and prosody

Question 57

Which type of dysarthria is characterized by irregular articulatory errors?

Answer 57

Ataxic Dysarthria

Question 58

\_\_\_\_\_ are most prominent sign/symptoms for ataxia

Answer 58

Articulation inaccuracy and scanning-like prosody