QUIZ 2 PARALAB

Question 1

these are described as the hexagonal bipyramidal structures localized in the primary granules of the cytoplasm of eosinophils and basophils

Answer 1

Charcot Leyden crystals

Question 2

their presence, along with eosinophilic infiltrate, is an indirect evidence of parasitic infection particulary with _____, _____, _____, or _____

Answer 2

Toxocara, Capilliriasis, Ascaris, Fasciola

Question 3

Charcot Leyden crystal are formed by ______

Answer 3

breakdown/disintegration of eosinophils

Question 4

when a patient is seen to have Charcot Leyden crystals in sputum or stool, what is the initial diagnosis?

Answer 4

the patient have a parasitic disease

Question 5

PMNs in stool indicates what?

Answer 5

inflammation

Question 6

eosinophils in stool indicates what?

Answer 6

an immune response to a parasitic infection

Question 7

RBCs in stool indicates what?

Answer 7

bleeding and/or ulceration in the patient

Question 8

macrophages in stool indicates what?

Answer 8

active macrophage can be mistaken for amebic trophozoites & phagocytes

Question 9

Charcot Leyden crystals in stool indicates what?

Answer 9

presence of hypersensitivity or parasitic infection, esp. amebiasis

Question 10

give the three techniques under the flotation technique.

Answer 10

Brine flotation, Sugar flotation, & Zinc-sulfate flotation

Question 11

give the three techniques under the sedimentation technique.

Answer 11

Simple sedimentation, Centrifugal sedimentation, Formalin-ether concentration technique

Question 12

in stoll’s dilution technique, sodium hydroxide + ____ of stool specimen.

Answer 12

4g

Question 13

what is the formula in finding the number of eggs per gram in stoll’s

Answer 13

eggs counted x 200 x factor

Question 14

hatching test used to isolate what and look for the?

Answer 14

schistosoma specie, miracidium (1st stage larva)

Question 15

mg of stool needed for kato thick smear

Answer 15

50-60mg

Question 16

what acts as a clearing agents in kato thick smear?

Answer 16

glycerine

Question 17

what technique provides the ability to detect small numbers of parasites that might not be detected using direct wet preparation?

Answer 17

Concentration techniques

Question 18

what is the purpose of concentration technique?

Answer 18

to aggregate parasites present into a small volume of sample & to remove as much debris

Question 19

what are detected in concentration technique

Answer 19

protozoan cysts, oocysts, helminth eggs, & larvae

Question 20

what are the two types of concentration methods?

Answer 20

sedimentation & flotation

Question 21

describe the sedimentation technique

Answer 21

parasites are concentrated in the sediment of the tube following centrifugation and the sediment is microscopically examined

Question 22

describe the flotation technique

Answer 22

parasite are less dense than the solution used, and during centrifugation, they float to the surface

Question 23

most widely used sedimentation technique

Answer 23

formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation

Question 24

in formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation, parasites are ______ than the solution & fecal debris are _____

Answer 24

heavier, lighter

Question 25

what are the main reagents in acid ether concentration technique

Answer 25

40% HCl & ether

Question 26

choice of concentration technique if the stool comes from animals like cats and dogs

Answer 26

acid ether concentration technique

Question 27

40% HCl dissolve _____, ether dissolve _____

Answer 27

albuminous material; neutral fats in stool

Question 28

in zinc-sulfate flotation, debris are _____ and sinks to the ____ & potential parasites are ______ & _____ toward the top

Answer 28

heavy, bottom; lighter, float

Question 29

this technique does not require centrifugation and stools are directly mixed with the ____ solution.

Answer 29

brine flotation; brine

Question 30

what are badly shrunken in brine flotation?

Answer 30

helminth eggs such as hookworms & schistosoma

Question 31

what technique uses boiled sugar solution preserved with phenol

Answer 31

sheather’s sugar flotation

Question 32

microscope slide that contains a fixed sample that has been dried and subsequently stained

Answer 32

permanent stained smear

Question 33

in permanent stained smear, slides are viewed in microscope under ____

Answer 33

oil immersion (100x)

Question 34

____ fields are reviewed before the slide can be considered _____

Answer 34

300; negative

Question 35

most widely used permanent stain

Answer 35

wheatley trichrome stain

Question 36

this stain uses reagents with a relatively long shelf-life & is easy to perform

Answer 36

wheatley trichrome stain

Question 37

this reveals excellent morphology of the intestinal protozoa

Answer 37

iron hematoxylin stain

Question 38

this allows for the detection of acid-fast parasites in addition to other protozoa normally recovered in iron hematoxylin stain

Answer 38

modified acid-fast stain

Question 39

modified acid-fast test is permanent stain for detection of oocysts of ______, & _____ & _____

Answer 39

cryptosporidium; isospora; cyclospora

Question 40

what are considered as alternative tests/methods

Answer 40

stool screening methods & rapid methods

Question 41

what is the purpose of stool culture

Answer 41

to differentiate larva hookworm & strongyloides stercoralis

Question 42

give the two methods of stool culture

Answer 42

harada mori & copro culture

Question 43

this method uses test tube and filter strips. positive stool is applied in filter paper and placed in the test tube with _____ or ______

Answer 43

harada mori method; boiled, distilled water

Question 44

in harada mori, hookworm filariform moves ______ against capillary movement & strongyloides stercoralis move _____

Answer 44

downward; upward

Question 45

what stool culture method mixe the positive stool with moistened soil or granulated charcoal?

Answer 45

copro culture

Question 46

in copro culture, larvae are harvested in _____ procedure

Answer 46

baermann