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Emergency Care: Castro > Quiz 2: Peds, drowning, OD > Flashcards

Quiz 2: Peds, drowning, OD Flashcards

1
Q

Abnormal tone, lower interactiveness, no consolability, abnormal look/gaze/speech/cry all describe which aspect of PAT?

A

Appearance

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2
Q

The PAT focuses on what three aspects of physical assessment?

A
  1. Appearance
  2. WOB
  3. Circulation to skin
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3
Q

Is PAT for rapid testing or step-wise testing?

A

Rapid

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4
Q

Younger children have higher ______ and lower _____.

A

Higher heart rate, lower blood pressure

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5
Q

T/F: Children have the same A&P as adults.

A

False

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6
Q

T/F: Children have a slow decline.

A

False, will compensate until they completely crash.

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7
Q

Is appearance associated with sensitivity or specificity?

A

Sensitivity

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8
Q

WOB and circulation is associated with sensitivity or specificity?

A

Specificity

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9
Q

What is the single most important factor in pediatric assessment?

A

Appearance

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10
Q

What reflects overall adequacy of perfusion?

A

Circulation to skin

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11
Q

What evaluates altered level of consciousness but is not very useful in assessments?

A

Disability

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12
Q

What reflects mild-moderate severity and is usually more useful in assessments?

A

Abnormal appearance

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13
Q

Steeple sign signifies:

A

Croup (LTB)

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14
Q

Thumbs-up sign signifies:

A

Epiglottitis

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15
Q

Which illness is an immediate emergency, croup or epiglottitis?

A

Epiglottitis

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16
Q

Is epiglottitis a bacterial or viral infection?

A

Bacterial

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17
Q

Is croup (LTB) a bacterial or viral infection?

A

Viral

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18
Q

Epiglottitis has a slow or fast onset?

A

Fast onset, typically hours

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19
Q

T/F: You should never give a child anything orally or use tongue depressor for any reason on children with epiglottitis.

A

True

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20
Q

What is the protocol used for pediatric codes?

A

PALS

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21
Q

Treatment for croup?

A

Dexamathasone (decadron)
Cool bland aerosol - mild
Racemic epi - moderate
tracheotomy/intubation - rare, severe

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22
Q

Which of the following are true regarding epiglottitis?

  1. Bacterial
  2. Fast onset
  3. No fever
  4. Quiet and drooling
  5. Not an emergency
A

1, 2, 4

Epiglottitis is associated with a HIGH FEVER and is ALWAYS an emergency!

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23
Q

Which of the following are true about croup?

  1. Bacterial
  2. Fast onset
  3. Mild fever
  4. Barking seal-like cough
  5. Not always an emergency
A

3, 4, 5

Croup is a VIRAL infection and has a SLOWER onset!

24
Q

Pallor, mottling, and cyanosis are all associated with which aspect of PAT?

A

Circulation to skin

25
Q

Abnormal sounds/position, see-saw respirations, retractions, nasal flaring, apnea, and gasping are all associated with which aspect of PAT?

A

Work of Breathing

26
Q

Normal appearance + increased WOB =

A

Respiratory distress

27
Q

Abnormal appearance + increased/decreased WOB =

A

Respiratory fatigue

28
Q

Normal appearance + poor circulation =

A

Observe patient

29
Q

Abnormal appearance + poor circulation =

A

Shock

30
Q

Abnormal appearance + normal circulation + normal WOB =

A

Brain dysfunction

31
Q

Is the pediatric primary survey a rapid or stepwise evaluation of cardiopulmonary & neurologic function?

A

Rapid, step-wise evaluation

32
Q

What acronym is associated with the pediatric primary survey?

A 
A - airway
B - breathing
C - circulation
D - disability
E - exposure
33
Q

What is the age croup associated with croup?

A

6 mo - 6 yrs

34
Q

T/F: Intubation is difficult and nearly impossible to perform on children with epiglottitis.

A

True

35
Q

T/F: FBA can cause unilateral wheezing and stridor.

A

True

36
Q

What findings would you see on a drowning CXR?

A

Air trapping, atelectasis

If a foreign body cannot be seen with a traditional X-ray, then inspiratory and expiratory phase films may show hyperinflation or air-trapping which suggests an aspirated foreign body.

37
Q

What is the treatment for FBA?

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

ACT if necessary

38
Q

Define cold shock cardiac reflexes.

A

Sudden immersion <25C water

39
Q

Dry drowning is defined as:

A

Laryngospasm with glottic closure, prevents aspiration of large amounts of liquid.

40
Q

Wet drowning is defined as:

A

When liquid is completely aspirated during drowning, leads to ARDS.

41
Q

Freshwater and salt water can both lead to:

A

Pneumonitis and bronchospasm

42
Q

T/F: Salt water worsens lung injury more than freshwater.

A

True. Salt water irritates alveolar surface more than fresh water and worsens injury.

43
Q

What is fluvial water?

A

Slightly salty water rivers meet oceans. Contains pathogens and infects lungs.

44
Q

How do diving accidents occur?

A

Ascending too quickly from depth

45
Q

What are two other names for diving accidents?

A

Bends or decompression sickness

46
Q

What three laws are associated with causes of decompression sickness?

A

Henry’s law, Boyle’s law and water pressure.

47
Q

What is the primary treatment for decompression sickness?

A

Hyperbaric chamber

48
Q

What is another use for hyperbaric chambers?

A

Wound healing, crush injuries, peripheral ischemia, CO POISONING!
CO has 200x affinity for Hbg than O2. Best treatment for CO is O2.

49
Q

Benzo drugs are all -lams and -pams except:

A

Chloridiazepoxide.

50
Q

What are toxidrones?

A

Group of signs & symptoms used as a basis for diagnosis of poisoning.

51
Q

What is the treatment for opioid overdose?

A

Narcotic antagonist - Nalaxone (Narcan). Short acting.

52
Q

What are benzodiazepines?

A

Common CNS depressent. Treatment is Romazicon (Flumazenil) which is a GABA receptor.

53
Q

What are the 3 C’s associated with TCA overdose?

A

Convulsions, Coma, Cardiotoxicity.

54
Q

What is the treatment for acetaminophen OD?

A

NAC infusion (mucomyst)

55
Q

What is the acronym for the S/S of organophosphate poisonings?

A 
D - diarrhea
U - urination
M - miosis
B - bronchoconstriction
B - bradycardia
E - emsis
L - lacrimation
S - sweating/salvation
56
Q

Normal Hb is ___% in healthy people.

A

<3%. Measured with hemoximetry.

57
Q

What treatments are used for croup (LTB)?

A
  1. Cool bland aerosol - mild
  2. Racemic epi - moderate
  3. Intubation/tracheostomy - severe, uncommon

Emergency Care: Castro (5 decks)

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