Quiz 2 - Physical Properties of Organic Solvents

Question 1

What is the most common solvent?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

Water _____ dissolve many different compounds and is found in _____ _______ of solutions.

Answer 2

Can; all kinds

Question 3

T/F If a solvent isn’t given in a solution it is assumed to be water

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The behavior of organic solvents is determined by their…

Answer 4

Molecular structures

Question 5

Define Water-Miscible

Answer 5

An organic solvent that will dissolve in water, they will mix

Question 6

The more similar the intermolecular forces between water molecules and a solvent, the _______ likely it is that the solvent will dissolve in water.

Answer 6

MORE

Question 7

Molecules that are characterized as having weak intermolecular forces have _______ densities.

Answer 7

Low

Question 8

Molecules with heavier atoms will have ______________ densities.

Answer 8

Higher

Question 9

What are some examples of heavier atom molecules?

Answer 9

Chlorine or Bromine

Question 10

Organic solvents that evaporate easily and boil at low temperatures have _______ vapor pressures.

Answer 10

High

Question 11

The boiling point of a solvent is determined by…

Answer 11

• The size and shape/symmetry of its old holes

- Strength of its intermolecular forces

Question 12

Solvents with low boiling points evaporate ____________.

Answer 12

Easily

Question 13

Solvents with low boiling points ______ be removed easily by mild heating.

Answer 13

Can

Question 14

Boiling points can also be affected by the ________________ ______________ at which the measurement is taken.

Answer 14

Atmospheric pressure

Question 15

If atmospheric pressure is low, the measured boiling point will be ________.

Answer 15

Low

Question 16

The ability of a solvent to dissolve other compounds depends on…

Answer 16

How similar the solvent’s polarity is to the compound (solute)

Question 17

Organic liquids with weak intermolecular forces are said to be….

Answer 17

Non-polar

Question 18

Organic liquids that have very strong intermolecular forces are said to be…

Answer 18

Highly polar

Question 19

Non-polar solvents are best for dissolving…

Answer 19

Non-polar compounds

Question 20

Polar solvents are best for…

Answer 20

Polar compounds

Question 21

T/F Organic compounds only have one type of intermolecular force each

Answer 21

False; may have multiple types of intermolecular forces arising from having multiple functional groups

Question 22

Ionic compounds like organic _______ will usually dissolve in highly _____________ solvents.

Answer 22

Salts; polar

Question 23

Why do Ionic compounds dissolve well with water being the solvent?

Answer 23

Because the attractive interaction between the non-bonded pairs and the polarized hydrogens of water

Question 24

Define Dielectric Constant

Answer 24

A physical measurement of how a substance interacts with an electric field

Question 25

What can Dielectric Constant be used for?

Answer 25

Used to compare the polarity of different solvents

Question 26

The better a molecule insulates the ___________ the dielectric constant.

Answer 26

Higher

Question 27

Think of Dielectric constant as the measurement of a solvents...

Answer 27

Ability to balance part of the solute’s charge

Question 28

Define Hydrogen Bond Donor

Answer 28

A hydrogen attaches to an electronegative atom

Question 29

It’s reason for these trends in the dipole moments and Dielectric constants is due to the...

Answer 29

Electronegativity differences of individual atoms within each molecule

Question 30

Ex. C and H have relative similar electronegativity values so the C-H bond is essentially...

Answer 30

Non-polar

Question 31

Non-polar molecules share their electrons ____________.

Answer 31

Evenly

Question 32

An O-H bond is polarized since...

Answer 32

The O is more electronegative than H

Question 33

In an O-H bond, since O is more electronegative, the electrons are polarized towards the ____ and becomes partially _____________.

Answer 33

O; negative

Question 34

An _________ is a good way of showing the polarity of a bond in illustrations.

Answer 34

Arrow

Question 35

____________ is the most electronegative atom on the periodic table.

Answer 35

Fluorine

Question 36

Is a bond has a Fluorine it will _______ electrons ________ from the carbon and the arrow points towards the ____.

Answer 36

Pull; away; F

Question 37

Is arrow points towards F and away from C, F is ______________ and ________________.

Answer 37

Electronegative; electropositive

Question 38

Define Dipole Moment Arrow

Answer 38

Arrow that is drawn on an entire molecule

Question 39

__________ and ______________ derivative molecules are also good ways to illustrate molecule polarity.

Answer 39

Allene; Benzene

Question 40

The Para substitution pattern is overall ______ polar than the Ortho substitution pattern.

Answer 40

Less

Question 41

The Meta substitution pattern is ______________ in polarity.

Answer 41

In between

Question 42

In the Para di-substitution molecule, the dipoles cancel each other out so the overall polarity is _________.

Answer 42

Small

Question 43

In the Ortho isomer substitution molecule. The partial charges add so....

Answer 43

The overall polarity is higher

Question 44

Ortho and Meta substitution patterns are __________ at room temperature.

Answer 44

Liquid

Question 45

Para isomer is __________ at room temperature.

Answer 45

Would

Question 46

Define Chemical Informatics

Answer 46

Knowing what a molecules density is, what its boiling point is and what kinds of other molecules it will dissolve

Question 47

If a substance is more dense, it will _______. If a substance is less dense it will _______.

Answer 47

Sink; float

Question 48

When it comes to enhancing water solubility are HBA’s important, are HBD’s important, both or neither?

Answer 48

HBA’s are not as important as HBDs

Question 49

To find the number of HBDs you must...

Answer 49

Count the Hs on Os (alcohols/acids) or Ns (amines/amides)

Question 50

To find the number of HBAs you must...

Answer 50

Count the number of non-bonded pairs on the Ns and Os