Quiz 2.1 Flashcards
what are pathopneumonic for Toxic Acute Tubular Necrosis (toxic ATN)
Muddy Brown Casts
what is commonly caused by amyloidosis?
orbital eccymosis
what is characterized by a hemispherical deposition of Iga in the mesangium
IgA nephropathy
when is crescent formation pathopneumonic for conditions?
idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
- goodpastures granulomatosis
- wegners granulomatosis
What is characterized by wirtre loops?
SLE - lupus membranous glomerulopathy
- represents the thickening of capillary loops due to aggregates of AG-AB complexes
Wegener’s Granulomatosis is positive for?
C-ANCA
What is characterized by a granular appearing kidney?
Benign nephrosclerosis
this condition presents with cells of small arteries that become hyper plastic, causing ONION RING APPEARANCE
malignant nephrosclerosis
this condition shows cleft like spaces on microscopy from cholesterol emboli
renal embolic disease
this condition is characterized by sudden onset of sx following GI or flu-like illness with hematuria, hemolytic anemia and oliguria
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Which condition presents with HUGE triple phosphate renal stones?
Staghorn Calculi
what conditions are the most common causes for childhood end stage renal failure (40%)?
congenital conditions
- renal hypoplasia - most common UL, usually dt ischemia
- horseshoe commonly fused at lower pole
which is more commonly associated with concurrent liver cysts - adult PKD or childhood PKD?
ADULT
what cysts are more highly associated with renal cell carcinoma?
chronic dialysis cysts
which syndromes are the most common clinical syndrome associated with glomerular disease?
nephrotic syndromes
what is the main cause of nephrotic syndrome in kiddos (90%)? what about adults?
Kiddos:
lipoid nephrosis/minimal change disease
- generally only ALBUMIN lost
Adults:
membranous glomerulopathy
what is the main cause of nephritic syndrome in African Americans?
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
-WORST PROGNOSIS :(
what is the main cause of chronic renal failure in the US?
diabetes
what is the most common cause of glomerulonephritis worldwide?
IGA Nephropathy
or Berger’s Disease
What is the most common cause of acute nephritic syndrome?
post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
what is one of the main causes of secondary HTN?
renal artery stenosis
which kidney stones are the most common?
calcium oxalate stones (75%)
these stones most commonly occur due to urea splitting bacteria (these buggers also cause UTIs)
Triple Phosphate stones
alkalize the pH of the urine
what is the most common cause of acute renal failure?
Toxic ATN
what is one of the most common causes of renal failure in kiddos?
HUS
what is the main cause of ARF in developing countries?
HUS
this bacteria is the most common cause of HUS, and it also contains what toxin?
E. Coli 0157:H7
- contains Shiga-like Toxin
in regards to renal hypoplasia - what is most common and why?
unilateral lack of development is most common
- generally due to ischemia
where do horseshoe kidney’s generally fuse and what do these patients often times get?
lower pole
- often get recurrent UTIs
What is the most common location for an ectopic kidney to present?
lower abdomen, pelvis
- patient may have duplicate and shorter or longer ureters
this condition presents with cysts in the inner medullary and papillary regions (collecting ducts and tubular strictures), cortex is normal - more likely to be symptomatic..
medullary sponge kidney
- symptomatic with hematuria and UTIs
compare and contrast childhood and adult polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
child:
- recessive, asx, fatal
- may cause LUNG HYPOPLASIA due to kidney enlargement
- LARGE cysts lined by FLATTENED cuboidal epithelium, parenchyma with cartilage
adult
- dominant, abn collagen/elastin makes a cyst
- COMMONLY ASSOC. W. LIVER CYSTS
- parenchyma is replaced by large cysts
these conditions often have proliferation of mesangial, epithelial and endothelial cells. There is thickening of the BASEMENT MEMBRANE dt deposition of ____ on the epithelial side of the membrane
glomerular disease
- anti-GBM
what is the most common clinical syndrome associated with glomerular dz?
nephrotic syndrome
- proteinuria (>3g/24hr)
- generalized edema
diseases include:
- lipoid nephrosis
- membranous glomerulopathy
- focal-segmental golmerulosclerosis
- bodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis
what is the difference between proliferative and non-proliferative glomerulonephritis?
non-proliferative
- often present as nephrotic syndrome, low cell numbers, hypocellularity
proliferative
- hypercellularity
- can progress to end stage renal failure
rapidly progressive glomerularnephritis presents with:
goodpasture’s syndrome
Wegener’s granulomatosis
this condition presents as: diffuse capillary wall thickening of BM (but NOT hyper plastic) antibody mediated.
membranous glomerulopathy
this condition is due to immune complex deposition
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
this condition presents as irregular thickening of glomerulus BM loops due to hyaline. This is associated with what condition?
nodular sclerosis = Kimmelstiel Wilson Disease
- associated with DM
- DM causes glomerulosclerosis that is DIFFUSE or NODULAR
this condition appears with pink amyloid, eosinophilic, acellular, homogenous, highly refractive tissues ..
amyloidosis
- also can result in glomerulosclerosis - generally DIFFUSE
- orbital eccymosis
this condition is characterized by gross hematuria with RBC casts, oliguria, uremia, HTN and minimal to NO proteinuria
acute nephritis
most commonly caused by post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
which condition shows up as hylanized glomeruli?
chronic glomerulonephritis
this condition, primarily a PEDIATRIC condition - has IgA hypersecretion in the vasculature (systemic) and is associated with IgA nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlen Purpura
skin bx shows vasculitis
which condition presents with immune deposits in capillary loops, increased neutrophils and macrophages and hypercellularity
post-infectious glomerulonephritis
which condition presents with diffuse cell proliferation and leukocytic infiltration
post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
