Quiz 3

Question 1

What does the Skeletal System include?

Answer 1

Bones of the Skeleton, Cartilages, ligaments and connective tissue

Question 2

5 primary functions of the skeletal system

Answer 2

1. Support
2. Storage of Minerals (Calcium) and Lipids (Yellow Marrow)
3. Blood Cell Production (Red Marrow)
4. Protection
5. Leverage

Question 3

Skeletal System Divisions

Answer 3

1. Axial skeleton
2. Appendicular skeleton

Question 4

Axial Skeleton

Answer 4

Has 80 bones, and is in the skull, thorax, and vertebrae. Longitudinal axis of the body

Question 5

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 5

Has 126 bones, and is found in limbs and girdles that attach to the Axial Skeleton.

Question 6

Bone Classification

Answer 6

Long, short, irregular, and flat

Question 7

Long Bone structure

Answer 7

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, and Metphysis

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

Heavy wall of compact and dense bone, and has a central space called the medullary (marrow) cavity

Question 9

Epiphysis

Answer 9

Each end has a wide part. Mostly spongy (cancellous) bone, and is covered in compact (cortex) bone.

Question 10

Metaphysis

Answer 10

Where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet.

Question 11

Where is Periosteum found?

Answer 11

On the outside of the bones, and is found on all bones besides joint capsules.

Question 12

Functions of Periosteum

Answer 12

1. Isolates bone from surrounding tissues.
2. Provides and route for circulatory and nervous supply.
3. Participates in bone growth and repair.

Question 13

Where is Endosterum found?

Answer 13

Lines the medullary (marrow) cavity as an incomplete cellular layer. It lines central canals and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.

Question 14

Functions of Endosterum

Answer 14

Contains osteoblasts, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoclasts. It is active in bone growth and repair.

Question 15

Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) in children.

Answer 15

1. Hematoperic (blood cell forming)
2. located in spongy bone and medullary cavity of long bones.

Question 16

Red bone marrow in adults

Answer 16

Located only in selected areas of the axial skeleton like the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, hips, femur, etc…

Question 17

Yellow bone marrow

Answer 17

It is a fatty substance and is a product of red bone marrow degeneration. It may convert back to red bone marrow during severe anemia

Question 18

Bone Matrix

Answer 18

Two-thirds of the bone matrix is calcium phosphate. A third of the bone matrix is the protein fiber collagen.

Question 19

Bone Cells

Answer 19

Contains four types of cells. Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, Osteoprogenatior cells, Osteoclasts.

Question 20

Where are Osteocytes found?

Answer 20

Live in lacune, and are between layers of the cell matrix. They connect through cytoplasmic extensions through the calculi. They do not divide.

Question 21

Functions of the Osteocytes

Answer 21

1. Maintain the protein and mineral content of the matrix.
2. Help repair damaged bone.
3. Maintain the bone matrix

Question 22

Osteoblasts

Answer 22

Immature bone cells that secrete matrix compounds. If they are surrounded by bone they become osteocytes. They produce osteoid, a matrix that has not yet calcified to become bone.

Question 23

Osteoprogenatior Cells

Answer 23

Stem cells divide to produce osteoblasts. They also assist in fracture repair.

Question 24

Osteoclasts

Answer 24

These are giant, multinucleate cells that secrete acid and enzymes to dissolve bone matrix and released stored minerals.

Question 25

How does the bone maintain homeostasis?

Answer 25

1. Bone remodeling through bone deposition and resorption 2. Bone building by osteoblasts and bone recycling by osteoclasts has to be balanced.

Question 26

Canaliculi

Answer 26

form pathways for blood vessels and exchanges nutrients and wastes