Quiz #3

Question 1

challenges that would overcome to transition on land

Answer 1

mechanical support, gas exchange and sensory equipment

Question 2

lines of evidence

Answer 2

fossile evidence, comparative anatomy, development

Question 3

fossile evidence

Answer 3

help document changes through time

Question 4

comparative anatomy (homology)

Answer 4

shared feature ( whale, human, and bat)

Question 5

development (homologies)

Answer 5

what genes turn on and off to control devleopment of limbs

Question 6

Homologous structures

Answer 6

shared through common ancestry

Question 7

what ancestor did limbs originate from?

Answer 7

lobe-finned fish, large bone connected to the shoulder and pelvic gridle covered in muscle

Question 8

What is the comparative approach to when limbs arise?

Answer 8

it provides insight as to what changes occurred long ago like mudskippers

Question 9

What features in the Tiktalik are suggest that tranistion features from water to land?

Answer 9

flattened head, eyes on top, neck, ribs

Question 10

What are advantage to having a neck, ribs flattened head, and wrist and shoulder.

Answer 10

Neck: head movement ( flexibility to look around)
Flattened head: eyes on top of head able to peak out of water
Ribs: protected lungs-land breathing
Wrist& Shoulder movement: push up - shallow water

Question 11

an example of devlopmental?

Answer 11

sonic hedgehog: transplanted tissue from one side of a limb bud to another and devopled 2 sets of digits
-modifying an existing gene in new ways

Question 12

What are the three plant groups?

Answer 12

Nonvascular plants; liverworts
Seedless vascular plants: Ferns
Seed Plants: Gymnosperms or Angiosperm

Question 13

What are the key challenges plants faced on the transition from water to land?

Answer 13

mechanical support, dessication (water retention adaptations), transition to new environment new defenses evolve, and reproduction`

Question 14

What are the advantages for plants during transition?

Answer 14

more sunlight used for photosynthesis

Question 15

Traits that evolved

Answer 15

waxy cuticle- barrier to prevent water loss
stomata: specialized pores for gas exchange ( close and open—water vapor out —co2 in—o2 out)

Question 16

What type of conditions might close the stomata?

Answer 16

heat,drought, wind

Question 17

Plants evolved from….

Answer 17

green alage they are multicellular

Question 18

Seedless vascular plants

Answer 18

no pollen, seeds, and have vascular tissue

Question 19

What is vascular tissue?

Answer 19

transportation of nutrients

Question 20

Xylem

Answer 20

stringy portion of celery; transports water and NPK moving upwards to the rest of the plants

Question 21

phloem

Answer 21

transports sugars (foods) moving down the plant

Question 22

Stem advantages

Answer 22

provide mechanical structure, transport water & nutrients, sugars

Question 23

root advantages

Answer 23

reach water; uptake from the soil to the rest of the plant

Question 24

leave advantages

Answer 24

positioned to sunlight primary site of photosynthesis= sugars travel to other parts of plants

Question 25

Seed plants

Answer 25

primary plant we see on land gymnosperms= cone plant angiosperms= flower plant

Question 26

pollen

Answer 26

a male gametophyte enclosed in the pollen wall

Question 27

gametophyte

Answer 27

gamate (haploid cell) producing phase of plants

Question 28

Advantages to pollen

Answer 28

can travel through pollinators (farther), move into new environment where water is not required for reproduction, prevents gametes from drying out

Question 29

who are the pollinators and what attract them?

Answer 29

birds, beetles, butterflies, bats, and bees. The color smell and nectar attract them

Question 30

Why does timing matter for flowering plants?

Answer 30

flowers are not available bee could be starved and no fertilization for flower