Quiz 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Name some traits that define hominins compared to chimpanzees
Bipedalism,
larger brain,
smaller teeth/canines,
not arboreal (as much),
anteriorly placed foramen magnum,
reduced sexual dimorphism
-mya hominins lived exclusively in Africa
6-2
Morphological traits that define homo sapiens
Chin,
larger globular brain,
gracile skeleton,
smaller face and teeth,
lack of prognathism/flat face
Define the out of Africa theory
Homo sapiens emerged out of Africa prior to 50,000 ya and then that population spread to the rest of the world
Define multiregionalism theory
Hominin population that already lived outside of africa after 1.8mya independently evolved into homo sapiens of today
Serial founder effects occurred as
subsets of humans migrated across the world.
With increasing distance from Africa, human genetic diversity **
declines.
Evidence for earliest Homo sapiens = ____years ago, skull from Morocco.
300,000
Define Eugenics
Study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding
Explain how evidence from genetics refutes the concept of racial categories of humans.
More genetic diversity within races than between
Define Structure Analysis
Researcher determines the number of genomes measured and the number of groups the computer will put them into. Can be misinterpreted by people who don’t understand that the number of groups is set by the researcher not the data itself.
Define Cline
a gradual change in traits across geographic space with no beginning and no end (i.e. a gradient). Most human traits are distributed this way.
- Neanderthals lived in Europe and Middle East only, ___years ago.
200,000-35,000
- Genes that have been sequenced in Neanderthals and function:
o MC1R (___).
o FOXP2 (____).
o TAS23R38 (____).
- Genes that have been sequenced in Neanderthals and function:
o MC1R (hair, skin color).
o FOXP2 (ability to speak).
o TAS23R38 (bitter taste receptor).
Why does Neanderthal DNA preserve well over time?
because they fossilized in cold, dry environments which are ideal conditions for DNA preservation.
Denisovans discovered from…
sequencing DNA from small fossil fragments in a cave in Siberia.
EPAS1 gene in modern Tibetan populations inherited from___ and confers adaptation to ___
inherited from Denisovans and confers adaptation to high altitude.
TorF: Denisovans were a more widespread and genetically diverse population than Neanderthals, modern East Asian populations have two sets of Denisovan ancestors which means that two distinct populations of Denisovans admixed with ancestorial humans.
True
Define leaky replacement model
a revised model of Modern Human Origins which incorporates aspects of “Out of Africa” hypothesis (that Homo sapiens emerged 300K) with “Multiregionalism” (that Homo sapiens interbred with other hominins living at the time)
Climate became more variable (colder than present) ___years ago, sea level was ___ than it is today.
Climate became more variable (colder than present) 55,000 years ago, sea level was lower than it is today.
Humans first reached Australia ____ years ago
50,000-42,000 years ago
Modern aborigines are ancestors of
first humans in Australia
