Quiz #3

Question 1

Earthquake hazard includes?

Answer 1

Death, Injury, Economic Lost

Question 2

this type of hazard depends on the strength of seismic activity?

Answer 2

Earthquake Hazard

Question 3

Earthquake Hazards include the factors?

Answer 3

local topographic, and built features, subsurface geology and groundwater

Question 4

Primary earthquake hazards are?

Answer 4

ground shaking, landslides, liquefaction, surface rupture.

Question 5

Earthquake generate?

Answer 5

primary and secondary hazards

Question 6

are those that are caused by the primary hazards, and may often be more catastrophic?

Answer 6

Secondary Earthquakes

Question 7

Secondary earthquakes includes?

Answer 7

tsunami, flooding, fire

Question 8

produced by the wave set in motion by an earthquake sudden release of energy?

Answer 8

ground shaking

Question 9

largest vibrations of earth are?

Answer 9

side-to-side motions

Question 10

ground shaking will vary over an are due to such factors as?

Answer 10

topography, bedrock type, and the location and orientation of the fault rupture

Question 11

if an earthquake generates a large enough shaking intensity structures like?

Answer 11

buildings, bridges, and dams can be severely damages, and cliffs and sloping ground destabilized.

Question 12

it occurs when a loose soil temporarily turns from a solid to liquid during an earthquake?

Answer 12

Liquefication

Question 13

the aftermath of liquefaction can leave large areas?

Answer 13

covered in a deep layer of mud

Question 14

a series of large, destructive sea waves, can be caused by an earthquake under the ocean floor?

Answer 14

tsunami

Question 15

the height of a tsunami varies and may be affected by?

Answer 15

sea floor depth and shape, and other factors.

Question 15

are the most common sources of ignition?

Answer 15

wires

Question 16

has long been recognized as a major hazard following earthquakes?

Answer 16

fire

Question 17

most famous earthquake-initiated fires in US history burned much of?

Answer 17

City of San Francisco, 90% of building damage, 1906

Question 18

is a smaller earthquake that occurs after a previous large earthquake, in the same area of the main shock?

Answer 18

aftershock

Question 19

if an aftershock is larger than the main shock, the aftershock is redesignated as a?

Answer 19

foreshock

Question 20

are formed as the crust around the displaced fault plane adjusts to the effects of the main shocks?

Answer 20

aftershocks

Question 21

they are unusually unpredictable, can be of a large magnitude, and can collapse buildings that are damaged from the main shock?

Answer 21

Aftershocks

Question 22

is a probability that a volcanic eruption or related geophysical event will occur in a given geographic area and within a specified window of time?

Answer 22

Volcanic Hazard

Question 23

Types of Volcanic Hazards?

Answer 23

Gas, Lahars, Landslide, Lava Flows, Pyroclastic Flows, Tephra

Question 24

Magma contains dissolved?

Answer 24

gases

Question 25

these are released into the atmosphere during eruptions?

Answer 25

gases

Question 26

either remain below ground or is rising toward the surface?

Answer 26

Gases

Question 27

Effects of Volcanic Hazards?

Answer 27

- volcanic gases that pose the greatest potential hazard to people, animals, agriculture, and property are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen fluoride. - sulfur dioxide can lead to acid rain and air pollution downwind from a volcano. - carbon dioxide gas is heavier than air, the gas may flow into in low-lying areas and collect in the soil. The concentration of caron dioxide gas in these areas can be lethal to people, animals, and vegetation. - fluorine compounds tend to become concentrated on fine-grained ash particles, which can be ingested by animals.

Question 28

it can lead to acid rain and air pollution downwind from a volcano?

Answer 28

sulfur dioxide

Question 29

it is heavier than air, the gas may flow into in low-lying areas and collect in the soil, the concentration of this can be lethal to people, animals, and vegetation?

Answer 29

Carbon dioxide

Question 30

tends to be become concentrated on fine-grained ash particles, which can be ingested by animals?

Answer 30

fluorine compounds

Question 31

is an indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments flowing down the slope of a volcano and (or) river valleys?

Answer 31

Lahars

Question 32

Effects of Lahars?

Answer 32

- as far as structural damage goes, buildings and bridges are frequently leveled due to the impact of debris. Bridges may catch the debris passing under like a sieve resulting in the destruction of the bridge and complications in the flooding. - sometimes eruptions may trigger one or more lahars directly by quickly melting snow and ice on a volcano or ejecting water from a crater lake.

Question 33

are a large masses of rock and soil that fall, slide, or flow very rapidly under the force of gravity?

Answer 33

Landslide

Question 34

Landslides are commonly originate as ?

Answer 34

massive rockslides or avalanches

Question 35

it disintegrate during movement into fragments ranging in size from small to particles to enormous blocks of hundreds of meter across?

Answer 35

Landslide

Question 36

Effects of Landslide?

Answer 36

- typically destroys everything in its path and may generate a variety of related activity. caused: explosive eruptions, buried river valleys, with tens of meters of rock debris, generated lahars, triggered waves and tsunami, and created deep horeshoe- shaped craters. - may cause decrease pressure on the shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems, which can generate explosions ranging from a small steam explosion to large steam- and magma-driven directed lasts.

Question 37

are steams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent?

Answer 37

Lava flows

Question 38

is erupted during either nonexplosive activity or explosive lava fountains?

Answer 38

Lava

Question 39

destroys everything in their path, but most move slowly that people can move out of the way?

Answer 39

Lava Flows

Question 40

effects of lava flow?

Answer 40

- everything in the path will be knocked over, surrounded, or buried by lava, or ignited by the extremely hot temperature of lava. - if it enters a body of water, the water may boil violently and cause and explosive shower or molten spatter over a wide area. - death and injury

Question 41

are high density mixtures of hot, dry rock fragments and hot gases that move away from the vent that erupted them at a high speeds?

Answer 41

Pyroclastic Flows

Question 42

Pyroclastic Flows consists of two parts?

Answer 42

- basal flow of coarse fragments that moves along the ground - turbulent cloud of ash that rises above the basal flow

Question 43

effects of pyroclastic flow?

Answer 43

- destroy nearly everything in its path - can cause combustible material to burn - destroy buildings, forests, and farmland

Question 44

effects of Tephra?

Answer 44

- disruptive economic activity - obscure sunlight to cause temporary darkness and reduce visibility to zero

Question 44

general term for fragments of volcanic rock and lava regardless of size that are blasted into the air by explosions or carried upward by hot gases in eruption columns or lava fountains?

Answer 44

Tephra

Question 45

effects of volcanic eruption?

Answer 45

- can destroy peoples lives & property - landscapes and natural sceneries can be destroyed - ash and mud can mix with rain and melting snow, forming lahars. - mudflows flowing at very fast pace. - ash discharged very high into the stratosphere can have negative consequences on the ozone layers. ruins roads, and ETC.

Question 46

is a mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted from the earth's crust?

Answer 46

Volcano

Question 47

how are volcanoes formed?

Answer 47

formed when magma from within the Earth;s upper mantle works it way to the surface. at the surface, it errupts to form lava flows and ash deposits. Over time as the volcano continues to erupt, it will get bigger and bigger.

Question 48

Types of Volcano?

Answer 48

- cinder cones - composite - shield volcano - lava volcano

Question 49

are circular or oval cones made up of small fragments of lava from a single vent that have been blown into the air, cooled and fallen around the vent?

Answer 49

Cinder Cones

Question 50

are steep-sided volcanoes composed of many layers of volcanic rocks, usually made from high-viscosity lava, ash and rock debris?

Answer 50

Composite Volcanoes

Question 51

Examples of Composite Volcanoes are?

Answer 51

Mt. Rainier and Mount St. Helens

Question 52

are volcanoes shaped like a bowl or shield in the middle with long gentle slopes made by basaltic lava flows?

Answer 52

Shield Volcanoes

Question 53

formed when erupting lava is too thick to flow and makes a steep-sided mound as the lava piles up near the volcanic vent?

Answer 53

Lava Domes/ Lava Volcanoes

Question 54

how many active volcanoes are there in US?

Answer 54

169

Question 55

danger area around a volcano covers about?

Answer 55

20-mile radius

Question 56

how much percentage of the earth's surface is volcanic in origin?

Answer 56

80%

Question 57

worlds largest active volcano?

Answer 57

yellowstone

Question 58

exploisve eruption in 1815?

Answer 58

Tambora Volcano

Question 59

the eruption in 1815 killed?

Answer 59

10,000 people + 80,000 crop loss