Quiz 3 Flashcards
(25 cards)
What is a vowel? There are at least 6 different things you can include when explaining a ‘vowel’
A speech sound that is formed without a significant constriction of the oral and pharyngeal cavities and serves as the syllable nucleus
-produced with a relatively open vocal tract
-all vowel sounds are VOICED (vocal fold vibration)
-vowels contain the most acoustic energy (loudest of the phonemes)
-serve as the nucleus of the syllable 1:1 correspondence
-only one vowel sound per syllable
What is a monophthong?
pure vowels; production is the same from beginning to end; minimal movement of the tongue during production of a pure vowel; 14 of them
What is a diphthong?
A diphthong is a vowel sound created by a rapid blending of two (di) separate vowel sounds (phthong) within the same syllable to create one sound. Because of the movement of the articulators during production, the quality of the sound changes. The tongue moves from a lower vowel position (on-glide) to a high vowel position (off-glide) in the oral cavity.
Phonemic diphthong
A phonemic diphthong is one which cannot be reduced to a monophthong and retain its identity. If you remove any one element (ie, one of the vowel sounds), that vowel has no resemblance to the phonemic diphthong.
4 ways a vowel is classified
-tongue height
-tongue advancement
-tongue tension
-lip rounding
Tense/Lax
TENSE VOWELS (relative to lax vowels):
-takes more muscular effort
-higher tongue position in the mouth -longer in duration
-more tightness in the tongue, lips, mouth
-can occur in a closed OR open syllable; rate. mean (closed); ray, me (open)
LAX VOWELS ( relative to a tense vowel):
-less, and more relaxed, speech muscle effort
-less movement of tongue, lips, mouth
-shorter in duration
-can only occur in CLOSED syllables: hat, run, bed, his.
Tongue advancement
refers to the front -to-back (anterior-posterior) position of the tongue.
Tongue height
refers to the position of the tongue in the oral cavity relative to how high or how low it is.
Lip rounding
whether the lips round or not in production of the vowel
Define Vowel Quadrilateral
The VQ is a graphic visual representation of the position of the tongue in the oral cavity and the rounding feature of the lips when producing the monophthongs/vowels. It indicates the height of the tongue (high-mid-low), the advancement of the tongue (front - central- back), the tension of each vowel (tense vs lax), and whether the lips are rounded or not
Corner Vowel
The “corner “ or “point” vowels refer to the four vowels on the vowel quadrilateral, in the furthest points/corners. These vowels are: /i/, /u/, /æ/, /a/
English Orthography
Orthography
A language’s writing (spelling) system. Includes symbol–sound associations and rules for combining those symbols.
-Because English orthography reflects both sound and meaning, it is described
as a morphophonemic language. Morphophonemics refers to the changes in pro-nunciation (phonemic) that occur when bound morphemes are added to a word.
Vowel Digraph
a pair of letters representing a single phoneme (sound), as the ‘ea’ in ‘meat’
Allograph
The different spellings for each sound in our language
Ex: be, see, eat, marine, key, either, chief, Caesar, people
/ɛ/
Epsilon
/æ/
Ash
/ʊ/
Upsilon
/ɔ/
Open O
/a/
single-story ‘a’;
script ‘a’
/ə/
Schwa
/^/
Caret / wedge
/ɚ/
Schwar
/ɝ/
Reverse hooked epsilon
Write the phonemic diphthongs
