Quiz 3 Flashcards
(226 cards)
1
Q
Sternoclavicular Joint
A
- Fairly stable modified saddle joint
- Fibrocartilagenous disc
- Dislocations uncommon but can be dangerous with brachiocephalic veins right behind manubrium
- Only boney attachment from apenedicular to axial skeleton
2
Q
Sternoclavicular Ligaments
A
-Bind clavicle to the manubrium on both the anterior and posterior surfaces
3
Q
Interclavicular Ligament
A
-Binds the medial surfaces of both the left and the clavicles to each other
4
Q
Costoclavicular Ligament
A
- Binds the clavicle to the first rib
- Branches of the brachial plexus can get trapped under there causing pain and muscle weakness
5
Q
Sternoclavicular Joint (Innervation)
A
- Subclavius Nerve
- Supraclavicular nerve (C3, C4)
6
Q
Sternoclavicular Joint (Blood Supply)
A
- Suprascapular
- Internal Thoracic
7
Q
Acromioclavicular Joint
A
- Planar type joint
- Acromion to lateral end of the clavicle
- Ligaments are the main stabilizing force
8
Q
Acromioclavicular Ligament
A
-Binds clavicle to the acromion
9
Q
Coracoclavicular Ligaments
A
- Bind coracoid process with scapula
- Made of two parts
10
Q
Conoid Ligaments
A
-Part of the coracoclavicular ligaments
11
Q
Trapezoid Ligaments
A
-Part of the coracoclavicular ligaments
12
Q
Acromioclavicular Joint (Innervation)
A
- Suprascapular
- Lateral Pectoral
13
Q
Acromioclavicular Joint (Blood Supply)
A
- Suprascapular
- Thoracoacromial (Clavicular, acromion)
14
Q
Glenohumeral Joint
A
- Most mobile joint
- Ball and socket synovial joint
15
Q
Coracoacromial Ligament
A
- Coracoid process and to the acromion
- Prevents upward dislocation
16
Q
Coracohumeral ligament
A
- Strengthens superior portion of the capsule
- Resists excessive abduction
17
Q
Transverse Humeral Ligament
A
-Tendon of the long head of biceps in the bicipital groove
18
Q
Superior Glenohumeral Ligaments
A
-Over the humeral head to the depression above the lesser tuberosity
19
Q
Middle Glenohumeral Ligament
A
- In front of the lesser tuberosity
- Most common dislocation
20
Q
Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
A
- Lower part of the anterior neck
- Key stabilizer of the anterior shoulder and weakness of the ligament often leads to anterior glenohumeral instability
21
Q
Glenoid Labrum
A
- Rim of fibrocartilage attaching to the outer rim of the glenoid fossa
- Superior attachment of the labrum includes the supraglenoid tubercle and the origin of the biceps long head tendon
- Deepens the articulation between the head of the humerous and the glenoid fossa
- Tears often associated with genohumeral dislocations
22
Q
Capsule of the shoulder joint
A
-Very thin and lax
23
Q
Subscapular Bursa
A
- Between the muscle and the neck of the scapula
- Communicates with the shoulder joint
24
Q
Subacromial/ Subdeltoid
A
- Inferior to the acromion and extending distally to area deep to the deltoid
- Superficial to supraspinatous
- Normally doesn’t communicate with the joint
25
Glenohumeral Joint (Innervation)
- Suprascapular
- Axillary
- Lateral Pectoral
- Posterior cord of the brachial plexus
26
Passive Stability Provided by:
- Trapezius (Postoral muscle)
- Deltoid (Prevents dislocation of the humerus)
- Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament
- Coracohumeral Ligament
- Glenoid Labrum
27
Active Stability Provided by:
Rotator Cuff Muscles
28
Shoulder Impingement
- Overuse injury
| - Fatigue of Rotator cuff muscles
29
Shoulder Impingement (Causes)
- Any movement that reduce contact between head of humerous and glenoid fossa
- Full abduction renders the shoulder joint unstable
- Muscles fatigue causing the supraspinatous tendon to rub between the greater tubercle and the acromion
30
Shoulder Impingement (Tests)
- Painful Arc Test
- Full Can Test
- Empty Can Test
31
Painful Arc Test
- Tests shoulder impingement
- Have patient fully abduct their arm
- Extreme pain will be from 60-120 degrees of motion
32
Full Can Test
- Have patient abduct their arm to the level of their shoulder
- With arm in that position have them outwardly rotate their shoulder
- Press down
- Patient should be able to resist without pain
- No pain because the supraspinatous tendon is away from acromion
33
Empty Can Test
- Have patient abduct their arm to the level of their shoulder
- With arm in that position have them inwardly rotate their shoulder
- Press down
- If patient has difficulty resisting your pressure or is in a lot of pain then the supraspinatous tendon is affected
- Pain because tendon is directly on the acromion
34
Elbow Joint
- Synovial Hinge Joint
- Humeroradial Joint
- Humeroulnar Joint
35
Humeroradial Joint
-Capitulum and head of radius
36
Humeroulnar Joint
-Trochlea and trochlear notch of ulnar
37
Capsule of elbow joint
- Thin anteriorly and posteriorly
- Attaches anteriorly to area proximal to coronoid and radial fossae and to annular ligament
- Attaches posteriorly to the olecranon fossa and to trochlear notch
- Synovial capsule continuous with that of radioulnar joint
38
Radial or Collateral Ligament
- Fan shaped
| - Lateral epicondyle of humerus and distally blends with the annular ligament of the radius
39
Ulnar or Medial Collateral Ligament
- Triangular
- Anterior from front of medial epicondyle of humerus to tubercle on medial margin of coronoid
- Posterior from lower, back part of medial epicondyle to medial margin of the olecranon
- Oblique connects the distal attachments of the two
40
Olecranon Bursa (two)
- One subcutaneous
| - One deep to the tendons of the triceps
41
Radioulnar Bursa
-Between extensor digitorum, supinator, and radiohumeral joint
42
Interosseal Bursa
-Behind supinator, lateral to biceps
43
Bicipitoradial Bursa
Between biceps and tuberosity of radius
44
Elbow Joint (Innervation)
- Musculocutaneous (anterior lateral portion)
- Radial
- Some ulnar, median, and anterior interosseous
45
Elbow joint (Blood Supply)
-Anastomosis
~Connects brachial artery with radial and ulnar
~Circulation to forearm and wrist even with complete elbow flexion
-Deep brachial artery
46
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
- Synovial Joint
- Formed by the head of the radius with the radial notch of the ulnar
- Synovial Cavity communicates with joint
47
Annular Ligament
-Circles the head of the radius forming 4/5 of the ring
48
Proximal Radioulnar Joint (Innervation)
- Musculocutaneous
- Median
- Radial
49
Proximal Radioulnar Joint (Blood Supply)
- Brachial Artery
- Deep Brachial Artery
- Radial Artery
- Ulnar Artery
50
Anterior (Flexor) Compartment of the Arm (Muscles)
- Biceps Brachii
- Brachialis
- Coracobrachialis
51
Anterior Compartment of the Arm (Nerve)
- Musculocutaneous
- C5-7
- C6 is main contributor
- C6 Dermatome
52
Anterior Compartment of the Arm (Blood Supply)
- Branches of the brachial artery
- Muscular branch
- Collateral branch
- Deep brachial branch
53
Posterior (Extensor) Compartment of the Arm (Muscles)
- Triceps Brachii
| - Anconeous
54
Posterior Compartment of the Arm (Nerve)
- Radial Nerve
- Contains C5-T1
- C5-7 main contributors
- C5 dermatome
55
Posterior compartment of the Arm (Blood Supply)
-Deep brachial artery
56
Cubital Fossa (Boundaries)
- Superior: Imaginary line between epicondyles
- Medial: Pronator Teres
- Lateral: Brachioradialis
- Roof: Skin, fascia, bicipital aponeurosis
- Floor: medial= brachialis, lateral= supinator
57
Cubital Fossa (Contents)
-Radial Nerve
-Biceps tendon
-Brachial Artery
~Terminal Branches= Radial and ulnar
-Median Nerve
58
Venapuncture
- Horizontal vein across the cubital fossa
- Combo of the basilic and cephalic vein
- Used for IVs
59
Flexor (Anterior) compartment of the forearm
| Pronator Muscle
- Pronator Teres
| - Pronator quadratus
60
Wrist Flexor Muscles
- Flexor Carpi Radialis
- Palmiris Longus
- Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
61
Digital Flexor Muscles
- Flexor digitorum superficialis
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
62
Median Nerve Innervation for Forearm
- Pronator teres
- Pronator quadratus
- Flexor Carpi radialis
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor digitorum superificialis
- Radial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
63
Ulnar Nerve Innervation for Forearm
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
| - Ulnar portion of the flexor digitorum profundus
64
Lateral Cutaneous Forearm Innervation
- Lateral antebrachial cuntaneous
| - Terminal branch of the musculocutaneous
65
Medial Cutaneous Forearm Innervation
-Medial antebrachial nerve
66
What does the Radial Artery supply?
- Muscular branches to the muscles in the flexor compartment
| - Recurrent branches participate in the anastomosis of the elbow
67
What does the Ulnar Artery supply?
- Muscular branches to the muscles in the flexor compartment
| - Recurrent branches participate in the anastomosis of the elbow
68
Ulnar Artery Branches
- Common Interosseous
- Anterior= supplies deep lying muscles structures in the flexor compartment
- Posterior= Main blood supply to the extensor compartment
69
Anatomical Snuff Box (Contents)
- Abducotr pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
- extensor pollicis longus
- Radial artery
70
Wrist Extensors
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
- Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
- Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
- Extends to radial side because they are stronger extensors
71
Finger Extensors
- Extensor Digitorum
- Extensor Digiti Minimi
- Extensor Indicis
72
Compartment 1 (Contents)
- Abductor pollicis longus
| - Extensor pollicis brevis
73
Compartment 2 (Contents)
-Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
74
Compartment 3 (Contents)
-Extensor Pollicis longus
75
Compartment 4 (Contents)
- extensor digitorum
| - extensor indicis
76
Compartment 5 (Contents)
-Extensor digit V
77
Compartment 6 (Contents)
-Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
78
Compartment 1 (Clinical Significance)
-Repetitive motion of thumb and wrist cause inflammation of the tendon sheath narrowing of the space within the first compartment
79
Compartment 1 (Tests)
-have patient fold thumb under fingers and ulnarly deviate and this will replicate the tension
80
Biceps Brachii (Attachments)
- Short head proximal: tip of the coracoid process
- Long head proximal: super glenoid tubercle
- Distal: Radial tuberosity and aponeurosis
81
Biceps Brachii (Innervation)
Musculocutaneous Nerve
82
Biceps Brachii (Action)
- most powerful supinator of the forearm
- Flex forearm
- flex arm
83
Brachialis (Attachments)
- Proximal: distal half of the anterior surface of the humerus
- Distal: Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity
84
Brachialis (Innervation)
Musculocutaneous nerve
85
Brachialis (Action)
Flex forearm
86
Coracobrachailis (Attachments)
- proximal: coracoid process of the scapula
| - distal: middle 1/3 of the medial surface of the humerus
87
Coracobrachialis (Innervation)
Musculocutaneous
88
Coracobrachialis (Action)
- flex arm
| - addict arm
89
Triceps Brachii (Attachments)
- lateral head proximal: posterior surface of the humerus superior to the radial groove
- medial head proximal: posterior surface of the humerus inferior to the radial groove
- long head proximal: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
- distal: olecranon of ulnar
90
Triceps Brachii (Innervation)
Radial nerve
91
Triceps Brachii (action)
- extends forearm
| - long head extends arm
92
Anconeus (Attachment)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
| - distal: later surface of the olecranon and posterior part of the ulnar
93
Anconeus (Innervation)
Radial nerve
94
Anconeus (action)
- extends forearm
| - abducts ulna during pronation
95
Pronator teres (attachments)
- proximal: Coronoid process of ulna and medial epicondyle of humerus
- distal: Lateral surface of radius
96
Pronator teres (Innervation)
Median nerve
97
Pronator teres (action)
- pronate forearm
| - flex forearm
98
Flexor carpi radialis (attachments)
- proximal: medial epicondyle of the humerus
| - distal: base of the second metacarpal
99
Flexor Carpi Radialis (Innervation)
Median nerve
100
Flexor Carpi Radialis (action)
- Flex hand
| - Abduct hand
101
Palmaris Longus (attachments)
- proximal: medial epicondyle of the humerus
| - distal: flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
102
Palmaris Longus (Innervation)
Median nerve
103
Palmaris Longus (action)
- flex hand
| - tenses palmar aponeurosis
104
Flexor Carpi ulnaris (attachments)
- proximal: medial epicondyle of the humerus
| - distal: pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th metacarpal
105
Flexor Carpi ulnaris (Innervation)
Unlar nerve
106
Flexor Carpi ulnaris (action)
- flex hand
| - adduct hand
107
Flexor digitorum superficialis (attachments)
- proximal: medial epicondyle of humerus, Coronoid process of ulna, superior sheaf of the radius
- distal: middle phalanx of digits 2-4
108
Flexor digitorum superficialis (Innervation)
Medial nerve
109
Flexor digitorum superficialis (action)
- flexes proximal interphalangeal joint
| - assists in flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint
110
Flexor digitorum profundus (attachments)
- proximal: shaft of ulna, interosseous membrane
| - distal: distal phalanx of digits 2-4
111
Flexor digitorum profundus (Innervation)
```
Median nerve(digits 2-3)
Radial nerve(digits 4-5)
```
112
Flexor digitorum profundus (actions)
- flex distal interphalangeal joint
| - assists wrist flexion
113
Flexor pollicis Longus (attachments)
- proximal: anterior surface of radius, interosseous membrane
- distal: distal phalanx of the thumb
114
Flexor pollicis Longus (Innervation)
Anterior interosseous nerve
115
Flexor policis Longus (action)
Flex phalanges of thumb
116
Pronator quadratus (attachments)
- proximal: distal 1/4 of the anterior ulna
| - distal: distal 1/4 of anterior radius
117
Pronator quadratus (Innervation)
Anterior interosseous nerve
118
Pronator quadratus (action)
Pronates forearm
119
Brachioradialis (attachments)
- proximal: proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
- distal: distal radius near styloid process
120
Brachioradialis (Innervation)
Radial nerve
121
Brachioradialis (action)
Flex forearm in neutral position
122
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (attachments)
- proximal: distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
- distal: base of the 2nd metacarpal
123
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (Innervation)
Radial nerve
124
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (action)
- extends hand
| - Abducts hand
125
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (attachments)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
| - distal: base of 3rd metacarpal
126
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (Innervation)
Deep branch of the radial nerve
127
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (action)
- extends hand
| - abducts hand
128
Extensor digitorum (attachments)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
| - distal: extensor expansion of digits 2-5
129
Extensor digitorum (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
130
Extensor digitorum (action)
Extends digits 2-5
131
Extensor digiti minimi (attachments)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus
| - distal: extensor expansion of 5 digit
132
Extensor digiti minimi (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
133
Extensor digiti minimi (action)
Extends 5th digit
134
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (attachments)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of the humerus and posterior ulna
- distal: base of 5th metacarpal
135
Extensor Carpi ulnaris (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
136
Extensor Carpi ulnaris (action)
- Extends hand
| - Adducts hand
137
Supinator (attachments)
- proximal: lateral epicondyle of humerus and supinator crest of ulna
- distal: proximal 1/3 of radius
138
Supinator (Innervation)
Deep branch of radial nerve
139
Supinator (action)
Supinates forearm
140
Abductor pollicis Longus (attachments)
- proximal: posterior aspect of proximal radius, ulna and interosseous membrane
- distal: base of 1st metacarpal
141
Abductor pollicis Longus (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
142
Abductor pollicis Longus (action)
- abducts thumb
| - extends thumb
143
Extensor pollicis Longus (attachments)
- proximal: posterior aspect of middle 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
- distal: base of distal phalanx of thumb
144
Extensor pollicis Brevis (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
145
Extensor pollicis Longus (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
146
Extensor pollicis Longus (action)
Extends thumb
147
Extensor pollicis Brevis (attachments)
- proximal: posterior aspect of distal 1/3 of radius and interosseous membrane
- distal: base of distal phalanx of the thumb
148
Extensor pollicis Brevis (action)
Extends thumb
149
Extensor indicis (attachments)
- proximal: posterior aspect of distal 1/3 of ulna and interosseous membrane
- distal: extensor expansion of 2nd digit
150
Extensor indicis (Innervation)
Posterior interosseous
151
Extensor indicis (actions)
Extends 2nd digit
152
Proximal carpal row from lateral to medial:
- scaphoid
- lunate
- triquetrum
- pisiform
153
Distal row of carpals from lateral to medial
- trapezium
- trapezoid
- capitate
- hamate
154
Radiocarpal component
-condyloid articulation between the distal end of the radius with the scaphoid and lunate bones
155
Intercarpal component
- articulation between adjacent carpal bones
| - little movement because of the string interosseous ligaments
156
Midcarpal component
- articulation between proximal and distal rows of carpals
| - no interosseous ligament= movement at that joint
157
Carpometacarpal joints
- articulation of the base of the metacarpal and the distal row of carpals
- 2-5th digit allow for little movement
158
1st Carpometacarpal joint
- between trapezium and first metacarpal
- true saddle joint
- enables opposable thumbs
159
Triangular fibrocartilage complex
- triangular fibrocartilage disc separates the triquetrum bone so that the ulna strictly speaking is not part of the wrist
- Helps distribute force from the hand to the radius and ulna
- Increases the range of motion for ulnar and radial deviation
- Greatly increase the capacity of the wrist to absorb the forces from falling and other things
160
Ulnar collateral ligament
- Binds styloid process of the ulna to the proximal row of carpals
- Very strong
- Limits wrist abduction
161
Radial collateral ligament
- attaches the styloid process of the radius to the carpal bones
- limits the amount of wrist adduction
162
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
- binds carpals to the palmar surface of the wrist
| - limits amount of wrist extension
163
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
- binds carpals to the dorsal surface of the wrist
| - limits wrist flexion
164
Flexor Retinaculum
- continuation of deep fascia of forearm that attaches to trapezium, scaphoid, hamate, and pisiform
- converts the space between the ligament and bones into the carpal tunnel
165
Sensory Innervation for the wrist
- Median (Anterior interosseous)
- Radial (Posterior interosseous)
- Ulnar (carpal branch)
166
Blood supply to the wrist
- Radial artery
- Ulnar artery
- Through dorsal and palmar carpal branches
167
Wrist fractures
- Often result from FOOSH
- Most common to the scaphoid
- Noticeable pain in the snuff box
- Bleeding from deep radial artery
168
Colles fracture
- Pain and swelling just above the wrist
- Inability to hold or lift any objects with significant weight
- Dinner fork appearance because wrist maybe pushed back over broken bone
169
Radial Nerve Lesion symptoms from cubital fossa and above
- Wrist drop
- Loss of sensation in the dorsum of the hand
- Especially noticeable in prone position
- Confirm nerve damage by placing wrist in supine extension and the patient won't be able to resist your flexing of their wrist
170
Tenosynovitis
-inflammation/ irritaion within the synovial sheath around the tendons of the forearm muscles and they cross the wrist
171
Tedinosis
- disruption of the tendon
| - caused by damage of to the tendon synovial sheath
172
Metacarapal Joints (MP)
-Condylois joints between the head of the metacarpal with the base of proximal phalanx
173
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP)
-Articulation between the head of the proximal phalanx with the base of the middle phalanx
174
Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)
-Articulation between the head of the middle phalanx and base of the distal phalanx
175
Interphalangeal Joinr (IP)
- In thumb
| - hinge joint
176
Thick palmar carpal ligament
-Made of fibrocartilage reinforces the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
177
Ulnar and radial collateral ligaments of MP joint
- Support the mc joint
- taut during flexion and loose during extension
- Difficult to abduct fingers during flexion
178
Game Keeper's Thumb
- Common injury of hyperabduction of mp joint of the themb
- Tears ulnar collateral ligament and can result in fractures to the head of the 1st metacarpal and proximal phalanx of the thumb
179
Annular and cruciform bands
-bind to palmar plates to form longitudinal grooves in which the digital tendon sheath are supported as they cross the joint
180
Palmar plates of MP joints (Digits 2-5)
- United to form the transverse metacarpal ligament
| - Keeps the heads of the metacarpal from being mobile
181
MP IP PIP and DIP Joints (Blood Supply)
-Superficial palmar arch
182
MP IP PIP and DIP Joints (Innervation)
-Median and ulnar nerves
183
Power grip
-Tightly grasping between fingers and palm
184
Power Grip (Actions)
- Extension of wrist providing tension thus allowing maximal contraction of finger flexors
- Finger IP joints are flexed by flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- MC joints are flexed by interossei
- Thumb is strongly adducted by adductor pollicis
185
Precision Grip
- Used when threading a needle
- Lumbricals are active on the first finger if flexed while ip joint is extended
- Thenar muscles are used whenever the thumb is opposed
186
Carpal Tunnel
-Compression of the median nerve due to inflammation of tendons
187
Carpal Tunnel (Sensory Symptoms)
- Range from pain and redness to parathesia and ultimately anesthesia along the cutaneous innervation of the median nerve
- Pain is usually felt over the palmar surface of the first 3.5 digits
188
Carpal Tunnel (Motor Symptoms)
- Starts as weak opposition of the thumb
- Lost ability of opposition of thumb
- Wasting of thenar eminence
- Eventually causing ape-hand because adductor pollicis, and extensor pollicis brevis
189
Pronator Teres Syndrome (Causes)
-The median nerve is compressed as it goes through the pronator teres
190
Pronator Teres Syndrome (Symptoms)
- Wrist flexion and radial deviation are weakened due to loss of flexor carpi radialis
- Papal hand: First two fingers are extended because extensors act unopposed and thumb is in ape position
- Inability to make a closed fist
- Precision grip is difficult
191
Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome (Causes)
- Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes into the hand
- Tunnel between pisiform and hook of hamate
- Symptoms depend on where and how the ulnar nerve divides
192
Guyon's Tunnel Syndrome (Symptoms)
-Wrist function is unaffected
-If sensory branch: parasthesia of ulnar side of of the hand of both dorsal and palmar surfaces
-If motor branch:
~Thumb will hyperabduct
~No abduction or adduction MC joints of the fingers
~Hard to make tight fist
193
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
- Proximal Ulnar nerve lesion
- All the symptoms of distal ulnar lesion
- Movements of flexion and ulnar deviation very weak
194
Tinel Sign
- Tapping on the entrapped nerve
| - Tapping will reproduce sensory syptoms
195
Phalen's Test
- Have patient hold hands in inverse prayer position for at least 30 seconds
- Positive sign is tingling on palmar surface of thumb and 1 and 2 fingers
196
Froment's Sign
- Indicates ulnar nerve damage
| - Cannot tightly hold a piece of paper between thumb and first finger
197
Mallet finger
- Damage to the insertion of the lateral slips of the extensor mechanism at the base of the distal phalanx
- DIP cannot extend so it ends up flexed
198
Boutonniere Deformity
- PIP is in flexed position
- Damage to the central band of the extensor mechanism onto the base of the middle phalanx allowing flexor digitorum superficialis to act unopposed
- Laterl bands exert a constant pull on the DIP forcing this joint into the extended position
199
Swan Neck Deformity
- Results from rheumatoid arthritis
- DIP and MP joints are flexed while PIP joint is hyperextended
- Inflammation of the long flexor tendon sheath causes the MP joint to be in flexion
- Inflammation leads to disruption of the palmar plate of PIP joint causing hyperextension
- All this causes the flexor digitorum profundus to put the DIP joint into flexion
200
Stenosing Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger)
- The affected digit is in the flexed because of swelling of the common flexor digitorum sheath
- Painful
- Passively extended with a sudden popping into place
201
Extensor Hood
- Covers the MP joints of each finger
- Formed by the extensor digitorum, interossei, and lumbricals
- Extensor indices for 2nd digit
- Extensor digiti minimi for 5th digit
202
Bands of Dorsal Digital Expansion
- Central band: base of the middle phalanx
| - 2 lateral bands extend to the distal phalanx of each finger
203
Dorsal Digital Expansion (Function)
- Enables extrinsic extensor tendons to strongly extend the MP joint
- Allow DIP and PIP to be extended while MP is flexed
204
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Attachments)
- Proximal: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid and trapezium
| - Distal: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb
205
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Innervation)
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
206
Abductor Pollicis Brevis (Action)
- Abducts thumb
| - Assists with opposition
207
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Attachments)
- Proximal: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid and trapezium and palmar surface of the 1st metacarpal
- Distal: Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb, medial to Abductor pollicis brevis
208
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Innervation)
Recurrent Branch of the median nerve
209
Flexor Pollicis Brevis (Action)
- Flexes MCP, CMC joints
| - Aids in opposition
210
Opponens Pollicis (Attachments)
- Proximal: Flexor retinaculum and trapezium
| - Distal: Lateral aspect of palmar 1st metacarpal
211
Opponens Pollicis (Innervation)
-Recurrent branch of the median nerve
212
Opponens Pollicis (Action)
- Opposition
| - Draws thumb to palm and medially rotates
213
Abductor Digiti Minimi (Attachments)
- Proximal: Pisiform, flexor carpi ulnaris tendon, pisohamate ligament
- Distal: Medial side base of proximal phalanx of the little finger, and the extensor hood
214
Abductor Digiti Minimi (Innervation)
Deep Ulnar
215
Abductor Digiti Minimi (Action)
- Abduct pinky
| - Aids in flexion of MP joint
216
Flexor digiti Minimi (Attachments)
- Proximal: Hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
| - Distal: Medial base of proximal phalanx; fuses with abduct pollicis minimi
217
Flexor Digiti Minimi (Innervation)
-Deep Ulnar
218
Flexor Digiti Minimi (Action)
-Flex MP joint of pinky
219
Opponens Digiti Minimi (Attachments)
- Proximal: Hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
| - Distal: Medial portion of palmar 5th metacarpal
220
Opponens Digiti Minimi (Innervation)
Deep ulnar
221
Opponens Digiti Minimi (Action)
-Draws the 5th metacarpal forward and rotates it laterally
222
Adductor Pollicis (Attachments)
-Proximal: Oblique head: base of 2 and 3 meta carpals and capitate
Transverse head: Anterior 3rd metacarpal
-Distal: Medial side of base of proximal phalanx
223
Adductor Pollicis (Innervation)
Deep Ulnar
224
Adductor Pollicis (Action)
- Adduct thumb
| - Assist in power grip
225
Lumbricals (Attachments)
- Proximal: Tendons of digitorum profundus
| - Distal: Radial side of extensor hood
226
Lumbricals (Innervation)
- Later 2= median
| - Medial 2= deep ulnar
