Quiz 3

Question 1

from the Greek “to give thanks,” it became the favored term for the body and blood of Jesus which was seen as a great act of thanksgiving of the community (Didache 9).

Answer 1

Eucharist

Question 2

the most ancient term for the Eucharist which stresses the Eucharist as a meal (Acts 2:42, 46).

Answer 2

Breaking of Bread

Question 3

reference to the Last Supper in which Jesus gave the Eucharist (1 Cor 11:20).

Answer 3

Lord’s Supper

Question 4

meaning “union with,” refers to the eating and drinking on the one loaf of bread. Some Protestant denominations refer to the whole ritual action as Communion. Catholics use the term for that part of the liturgy in which the bread and wine are consumed.

Answer 4

Communion

Question 5

“For my flesh is real food, and my blood is true drink.”(Jn 6:53-57). This is a reference to the real presence of Jesus in the bread and wine. The Eucharist is not just a sign of Jesus but a symbol (contains the reality it signifies).

Answer 5

Body and Blood of Jesus

Question 6

comes from the word “missa” meaning “sending” which stresses the importance of bringing the transformative power of Eucharist into ordinary life. The “sending” became such an important concept that it became the word choice for the whole Eucharistic experience.

Answer 6

Mass

Question 7

calling down the power of the Holy Spirit to transform the bread and wine. In the Eucharistic celebration the priest places his hands over the bread and wine and says, “Let your Spirit come upon these gifts to make them holy, so that they may become for us the body and blood of our Lord, Jesus Christ,” (Eucharistic Prayer II)

Answer 7

Epiclesis

Question 8

the words of Jesus at the Last Supper which are prayed over the bread and wine, making them become the presence of Christ. Jesus took the bread and said, “this is my body” and he took the wine and said, “this is the cup of my blood.”

Answer 8

Consecration

Question 9

The belief that Christ is sacramentally present in the bread and wine and remains so after the Eucharist.

Answer 9

Real Presence

Question 10

“to change from one substance to another” is the medieval explanation (Aquinas based on Aristotle) to explain the change that occurs at the Consecration when the substance of the bread and wine are changed into the substance of the body and blood of Christ.
Luther used the concept of “Transignification” which is still a belief in real presence.

Answer 10

Transubstantiation

Question 11

the name given to Eucharist (consecrated bread) when it is reserved after Mass. Rituals associated with the Blessed Sacrament: Benediction, Adoration.

Answer 11

Blessed Sacrament

Question 12

a remembrance of a past event whose effectiveness is brought into the present through the celebration of the event, e.g. Passover.

Answer 12

Anamnesis

Question 13

the feast that celebrates the deliverance of the Chosen People (the Jewish people) from bondage in Egypt through the Exodus from Egypt to the Promised Land (Israel).

Answer 13

Passover, Pasch

Question 14

the food that was miraculously provided for the Chosen People when they were wandering in the desert. Christians see manna as prefiguring the Eucharist, the “bread from heaven”. Manna was probably a type of secretion from desert plants which could be made into cakes.

Answer 14

Manna

Question 15

the first part of the Mass that includes the Introductory Rites, the readings (OT, NT, and Gospel), the homily/sermon, the Prayer of the Faithful.

Answer 15

Table/Liturgy of the Word

Question 16

the second part of the Mass that includes the Offertory, the Canon with epiclesis and consecration, Communion, and the dismissal.

Answer 16

Table/Liturgy of the Eucharist

Question 17

Christians changed the celebration of the Sabbath from Saturday (Old Testament) to this day because it was the day of resurrection. Sunday was declared a day of rest by Constantine in 321.

Answer 17

The Lord’s Day - Sunday

Question 18

Due to the infrequency of Communion in the Middle Ages, the rule was made by the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) that everyone must receive communion (and go to Confession if necessary) at least once during the Easter season up until Trinity Sunday.

Answer 18

Easter Duty

Question 19

“the work worked”. The validity of sacrament is in itself, if it is properly done with the right intention and not dependent on the worthiness of the minister. E.g. a doubting priest can still consecrate the bread and wine

Answer 19

Ex Opere Operato

Question 20

“the work of the one working”. The effectiveness of the sacrament depends on the disposition or faith of the individual.

Answer 20

Ex Opere Operantis

Question 21

Centered around the table and meals.

Answer 21

1st Century

Question 22

Christianity was illegal. In times of peace, Eucharist was in homes, around the dining table. In times of persecution, Christians gathered in the catacombs.

Answer 22

2nd Early 4th Century

Question 23

Legal then official status. Shift to Eucharist as sacrifice and the formalization of worship. This is the beginning of special buildings churches (basilicas), hierarchy with privileges, especially for the bishop, professionals for singing and reading, beginning of “books” to gather prayers for consistency.

Answer 23

4-8th Century

Question 24

Period of unification of worship as a means to unify the empire. Liturgy became the work of the clergy with the distancing of the lay people who were considered sinful and unworthy. Reception of Communion diminished. Also, private Eucharist came in as a practice.

Answer 24

9-11th century

Question 25

Total separation of the people from the liturgical action, e.g. priest turned his back to the people. Popular devotions developed to meets the spiritual needs of the people (processions, Benediction, Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, Rosary).

Answer 25

11-16th century

Question 26

receiving by seeing Jesus

Answer 26

Occular communion | 11-16th century

Question 27

The Council of Trent reformed the liturgy but set up strict rules in order to prevent abuses. Some rules were direct responses to the challenges from the Martin Luther and the reformers, e.g. only the Latin language could be used. Trent was known as Tridentium in Latin, so the liturgy is referred to as the Tridentine Mass. Within Protestantism, the direction was the opposite of the rigid rules of the Roman Catholic Church; therefore, many ways of worship were developed even to the point of the elimination of Eucharist in some denominations.

Answer 27

16th century

Question 28

The “liturgical movement” officially began in 1943 but culminated with Vatican Council II. The main principle behind the reform was to bring about “full and active participation of the people” with a mandate to reform most sacraments and religious rites according to the practices of the 4th century.

Answer 28

20th century