quiz #3 Flashcards by Adam Bell

Superior facets on the lateral masses of C1 articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull. Hint: it is synovial condyloid joint!

Atlanto-Occipital joint

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What are the movements of the Atlanto-Occipital joint?

flexion of the head on neck

extension of head on neck

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The articular facet of C1 articulates with the _____ anteriorly of C2.

Hint: C1 rotates on it and it is a synovial pivot joint

Atlanto-Axial joint or Dens

it allows for 70 degrees of rotation

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What does the transverse ligament of the atlas do?

it holds the dens of C2 against the anterior arch of C1

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Bands travel from the transverse ligament superiorly to the occipital bone and inferiorly to the body of C2

Cruciate/Cruciform ligament

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Attaches the dens to the lateral margins of foramen magnum and prevents excessive rotation

Alar Ligaments

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Attaches the dens to anterior margin of foramen magnum

Apical Ligament

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This ligament travels/ is anchored to the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from sacrum to C2.

It checks hyperflexion of the spine and prevents posterior protrusion of the IVD.

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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The most superior part is the tectorial membrane which attaches onto the occiput and has posterolateral protrusion.

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

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Travels and is anchored to the anterior aspect o the vertebral bodies and IVD’s from sacrum to occiput.

Checks hyperextension of the spine and stabilizes the intervertebral joints

Anterior Longitudinal ligament

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factors affecting ROM

Size and shape of IVD’s
Angle of the facet joints
laxity of ligaments/joint capsules

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Attaches from Lamina to Lamina from sacrum up to C1.

It helps to preserve normal curves and to return spine to normal position after flexion

Ligamenta Flava

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Attaches between SP’s and limits flexion

Interspinous ligaments

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Attaches posteriorly along tips of SP’s from C7 to Sacrum and limits flexion

Supraspinous ligament

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Attaches from C7 to back of the skull and is a thickening of the interspinous/ supraspinous ligaments

Ligamentum Nuchae

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This is the only bony articulation between the upper-limb and the axial skeleton. The Clavical articulates with the manubrium and costal cartilage of the 1st Rib and is a synovial saddle joint. It is also separated by a firbrocartilagenous articular disc

Sternoclavicular Ligament (S-C Joint)

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Sternoclavicular Ligament (S-C Joint) available movements

elevation/ depression
protraction/ retraction
ROTATION!!!!!

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This ligament attaches from the 1st Rib to the sternal end of the clavical and checks all movements of the clavical except inferior

Costoclavicular ligaments

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This ligament connects the 2 SC joints across the manubirum

Interclavicular ligament

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You can find this ligament both anteriorly and posteriorly on the SC joint

Sternoclavicular Ligament

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The manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum and it is cartilagenous with some movement during respiration

Manubriosternal joint

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Where the body of the sternum articulates with the xiphoid process and it cartilagenous

Xiphisternal joint

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The cartilages of the first 7 Ribs and costal notches on lateral borders of the sternum.

Chondrosternal Joints

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What type of joint(s) is (are) the Chondrosternal Joints?

Hint: Radiate sternocostal ligaments

Rib 1 & Manubrium: Cartilagenous

Rib 2-7: Synovial

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These joints are cartilagenous. The lateral end of each costal cartilage fits into a Cup-Shaped anterior end of its associated rib. Interestingly, it has no ligaments but is supported and bound by periosteum

Costochondral joints

The adjacent borders of the costal cartilages articulate and is supported by its same named ligaments. Synovial!

Interchondral joints

The head of the rib articulates with the facets on the side of the vertebral body. The superior facet of the head artiiculates with the inferior facet of the superior vertebral body. The inferior facet on the head articulates with the superior facet on the vertebral body of the same number. Hint: plane synovial joints

Costovertebral Joints

The head of the Rib to the 2 vertebral bodies and disc between

Radiate Ligaments

This layer of the back has 2 muscles on the posterior thorax, is an accessory muscles of the respiration. Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior Inferior

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic)

``` 3 Layers (superficial, intermediate, and deep) Maintains posture and move the spine/head ```

Deep Muscles (intrinsic)

Superficial layer (of the deep muscles)

Splenius capitis | Splenius cervicis

``` Intermediate Layer (of the deep muscles) - 3 columns of muscles collectively called the erector spinae (aka paraspinals). ``` Medial to Lateral they are...

(a) Spinalis (b) Longissimus (c) iliocostalis

Deep Layer: found in the groove between the spinous an transverse processes (the laminar groove) They attach from the transverse processes to the spinous processes (of more superior vertebrae. These muscles are collectively called the transversospinalis muscles. From superficial to deep they are...

(superomedial fibre) semispinalis (capitus, cervicis, thoracis) multifidus rotatores (vertical fibre) interspinales intertransversarii

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic) Is deep to rhomboids and is superficial to the erector spinae. It attaches to the SP's of C7-T3 medially It attaches to the superior borders of ribs 2-5 laterally action: elevates ribs 2-5

Serratus Posterior Superior Deep Inhilation

Intermediate Layer (intrinsic) deep to lats/ thoracolumbar fascia and is superficial to the erector spinae It attaches to SP's of T11 - L2 medially It attaches to lower ribs laterally Action: draws ribs down and back

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Deep Layer (intrinsic) Inferior attachment: SP's of C4 - T2 Superior attachment: Mastoid Process and Lateral superior nuchal line action: Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation action: bilateral contraction: extension of the neck

Splenius Capitis (Superficial)

Deep Layer (intrinsic) inferior attachment: SP's of T3 - T5 Superior attachment: C1 - C4 TVPs (posterior tubercles) action: Unilateral contraction: ipsilateral rotation action: bilateral contraction: extension of the neck

Splenius Cervicis

These intermediate muscles arise inferiorly from the thoracolumbar fascia and spread out in a superolateral direction. They are sibdivided into 3 columns of muscles on either side of the spine and each column has 3 segments

Medial to lateral 1) Spinalis 2) Longissimus 3) Iliocostalis

Very thin and sits in the laminar groove (beside the SP's) Attach to SP's --> Thoracis; cervicis; capitus

Spinalis

Longest Column and attach to TVP's - thoracis (TVP's of thoracic spine) - cervicis (TVP's of cervical spine) - capitus (mastoid process)

Longissimus

Attaches to angles of the ribs and is most lateral of the 3 - lumborum (angle of ribs 8-12) - thoracis (angle of ribs 1-7) - cervicis (TVP's of C3-6) actions: Unilateral: lateral flexion of the vertebral column Bilateral: extension of the vertebral column

Iliocostalis

Covers 1/2 of the spinal column but skips vertabrae 3-6 --> Thoracis; Cervicis; capitis Attaches: superiorly to the occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines LARGEST MASS IN POSTERIOR NECK Actions: Bilateral: extension of the head and neck Unilateral: Contralateral rotation of the neck

Semispinalis

Only muscle having muscles fibres running over posterior sacrum From S4 - C2 (skipping 1 - 3 vertebrae) Actions: Bilateral: extension of the spine, stabilization Unilateral: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation

Multifidus

Deepest in the laminar groove Longus: skips 1 vertabra Brevis: attaches to next highest vertebra actions; bilateral: stabilization unilateral: contralateral rotation

Rotatores

Vertical fibre direction Paired muscles on either side of cervical and lumbar SPs Action: extension

Interspinalis

Vertical fibre direction attach TVPs of adjacent vertabrae of cervical and lumbar spine action: lateral felxion

Intertransversarii

Name the 4 suboccipital muscles

1) Rectus Capitis Posterior Major 2) Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor 3) Obliquus Capitis Inferior 4) Obliquus Capitis Superior

Inferior Attachment: SP of C2 Superior Attachment: inferior nuchal line Actions: (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of the head Actions: (bilateral contraction): extend the head on the neck

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

Inferior attachment: posterior arch of C1 (posterior tubercle) Superior attachment: inferior nuchal line Action: bilateral contraction: extend the head on the neck Hint: also attaches to the Dura Mater by disrupting CSF flow

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Inferior attachment; SP of C2 Superior attachment: TVP of C1 Action (unilateral contraction): ipsilateral rotation of the head @ atlantoaxial joint

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

Inferior attachment: TVP of C1 Superior attachment: between superior and inferior nuchal lines Action: Unilateral Contraction: Lateral flexion of the head on neck (bilateral contraction): extend the head on the neck

Obliquus Capitis Superior

Which muscles define the Suboccipital Triangle? Name them and the border they occupy. Key for headaches

Inferolateral border: Obliquus Capitis Inferior Superolateral border: Obliquus Capitis Superior Superomedial border: Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Floor: Posterior Atlanto-Occipital membrane Roof: Semispinalis m. Contents: vertebral artery, suboccipital nerve

What is the Looking Reflex?

The head wants to follow where the eye take them

Inferior attachment: lateral Mass C1 Surperior attachment: occiput action: flexes head on neck

Rectus capitis anterior

Inferior attachment: TVP of C1 Superior attachment: Occiput Action: flexes head on neck Action: laterally flexes head on neck

Rectus capitis lateralis

Inferior attachment: body of T3 Superior attachment: anterior tubercle of C1 Additional attachments to the bodies and TVPs of the cervical spine action: flexion of the neck

Longus Colli (aka longus cervicis)

inferior attachment: TVPs of C3-6 superior attachment: Occiput action: flexion of the head and neck

Loongus Capitis

S. Attachment: anterior tubercles of C3-6 TVPS I. Attachment: rib 1 (scalene tubercle) Actions: flexion of the neck; ipsilateral flexion of the neck; elevates 1st rib during during forced inhalation; contralateral rotation of the neck (weak)

Anterior Scalene

S. attachment: posterior tubercles of C2-7 TVPs I. attachment: Rib 1 (posterior to subclavian artery) actions: ipsilateral flexion; elevates 1st rib during inhalation; contralateral rotation of the neck (weak)

middle Scalene

S. Attachment: posterior tubercles of C4-6 TVPs I. Attachment: rib 2 actions:: ipsilateral lateral flexion & elevates rib 2 during forced inhalation

Posterior Scalene

S. Attachment: Mastoid Process I. Attachment: Sternum (sternal head)/ Clavical (clavicular head) Actions: contralateral rotation of the head and neck; ipsilateral lateral felxxion of the head and neck; flexion of the neck (if the neck/head is in neutral or flexed); extension of the head (if the head is already extended); assists with inspiration

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Base: mandible Lateral border: SCM medial border: midsagittal plane of the neck contents: muscles, arteries, veins, lymph nodes, viscera

Anterior Cervical Triangle

quiz #3 Flashcards

(62 cards)