Quiz 3

Question 1

How is dietary fibre broken down in the mouth?

Answer 1

Saliva by salivary glands producing amylase, reducing starch to maltose

Question 2

How is dietary fibre broken down in stomach?

Answer 2

Gastric juice released by glands in stomach producing protease reducing proteins to polypeptides

Question 3

How is material broken down in duodenum?

Answer 3

1. Liver releases bile reducing material to oil droplets

2. Pancreatic juice released from pancreas, creating amylase/trypsin/lipase

Question 4

FSANZ definition of fibre?

Answer 4

A fraction of plants or its synthetic analogues are:

(a) resistant to digestion + absorption in large intestine
(b) promote one or more of the following effects: laxation, reduction in blood cholesterol, modulation of blood glucose

Question 5

What are the main types of fibre?

Answer 5

Soluble: beta glucans in oats
Insoluble: cellulose in wheat bran
Resistant starches

Question 6

Process of lowering glycaemic response?

Answer 6

Restrict gelatinisation of starch 
Delay gastric emptying 
Decrease intestinal transit 
Barrier to digestive enzymes
Decrease absorption of nutrients

Question 7

Gelatinisation of starch

Answer 7

Limit ingress of water
Less space for swelling of starch
Starch granules not fully cooked

Question 8

3 hypothesis of lowering blood cholesterol

Answer 8

SDF increases barrier properties of instituted layer
SDF + BF are associate/complexed at molecular level
SDF forms local matrix

Question 9

Pectins

Answer 9

Form butyrate
Bulking + viscosifying effect
Increase viscosity=reduces absorption of cholesterol
Bulking gives satiety effect

Question 10

Psyllium

Answer 10

Plantago
Seeds used for mucilage
India dominates market
High popularity
Effective in blood cholesterol reduction
FDA recommends 7g/day

Question 11

Beta-glucan

Answer 11

So live fibre: barley, oats
Large, linear polysaccharide of glucose units
Small intestine: Forms viscous solution, slows absorbtion of cholesterol
Large intestine: prebiotic, ferment beta-glucagon to produce volatile fatty acid again bowel disease

Question 12

Cellulose + hemicellulose

Answer 12

Structural component of cell wall
Main component of brans
Not proven to be beneficial for disease

Question 13

Resistant starches

Answer 13

Whole grain- fermentation of Rs + fibre to short chain fatty acids
Short chain fatty acids produced as fermentation products of dietary fibre a
Major: acetic, proprionic, butyric
Minor: Valerie, issovaleric

Butyrate is major energy source
SCFA absorbed by colonic mucosa
Propionate metabolised in liver
Acetate metabolised in tissue

Question 14

Starch/carbs

Answer 14

Rapidly digested in small intestine

Resistant in large intestine

Question 15

Starch type 1

Answer 15

Physically inaccessible

Question 16

Starch type 2

Answer 16

Resistant granules, raw starches

Question 17

Starch type 3

Answer 17

Retrograde starch: cooked + cooked starches

Question 18

Starch type 4

Answer 18

Chemically modified

Question 19

Define good source of dietary fibre

Answer 19

4g of dietary fibre at least

Question 20

Define excellent source of dietary fibre

Answer 20

7g of dietary fibre

Question 21

Increased dietary fibre

Answer 21

2g of dietary fibre/serve

25% more fibre than constituent

Question 22

What is high keel health claim

Answer 22

Eg. high intake of fruit + veg reduces coronary heart disease

Question 23

Structure of foods

Answer 23

Natural: grain/fruits
Processed: pasta
Formed: viscous meal

Question 24

FSANZ define whole grain

Answer 24

Product that has every part of grain even if seperate during processing

Question 25

Intact/intrinsic fibre

Answer 25

Naturally occurring intact fibre: veg, whole grain, fruits, cereal bran These are beneficial foods