Quiz 3- Chapter: 9, 10, 11

Question 1

Sharing electrons between atoms

Usually Gass with Gass

Answer 1

Covalent bond

Question 2

Electrostatic forces that hold ions together, ex: NaCl
Usually Solids with gass
transfers electrons

Answer 2

Ionic bonds

Question 3

Metal nuclei floating in a sea of electrons

Sharing & Transfers

Answer 3

Metallic bonds

Question 4

Are electrons that are involved in bonding

Found in the incomplete, outermost, shell of an atom

Answer 4

Valence electrons

Question 5

Atoms tend to gain or lose electrons until they are surrounded by eight valence electrons

Answer 5

Octet rule

Question 6

what ionic bond that also has a regular arrangement

Answer 6

Na+Cl-

note: that the ions are packed closely as possible

Question 7

Ionic substances are often ________, ________, with a ______ melting point

Answer 7

Crystalline, Brittle, High Melting point

Question 8

The energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions is called the

Answer 8

Lattice Energy

note: its a super strong force

Question 9

we often encounter Cations with charges of __, __, __, in ____ ________ however, transition metals cant attain a ______ ____ conformation (>3 electrons beyond a noble gas core)

Answer 9

Charges of +1 +2 +3 in Ionic compounds

Cant attain a Noble Gas conformation

Question 10

The majority of chemical substances do not have characteristics of _____ ________

Answer 10

Ionic Compounds

Question 11

Formation of covalent bonds can be represented using symbol called ____ __ _____ or ____ _____

Answer 11

Called Lewis dot structures or Lewis structures

Question 12

we usually show each electron pair shared(aka _____ _____) between atoms as a line and show unshared electron pairs(aka_____ _____) as dots

Answer 12

Ione pairs

nonbonding pairs

Question 13

It is possible for more than one electrons to be shared between two atoms, this is called ______ ______

Answer 13

Multiple Bonding

Question 14

One shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

Answer 14

Single Bond (ex: H2 = H:H or H—H)

Question 15

Two shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

Answer 15

Double Bond (ex: O2 = O::O or O=O

Question 16

Three shared pair of Electrons between atoms is a _____ _____

Answer 16

Triple Bond (ex: N2 = N:::N or N (put 3 lines) N

Question 17

It Describes the sharing of electrons between two atoms or in a covalent bond

Answer 17

Bond Polarity

note: Electron pairs that are shared by two different atoms are usually unequally shared

Question 18

_____ _____ ____ happens when a pair of electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Answer 18

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 19

_____ _____ ____ happens when a pair of electrons are unequally shared between two atoms.

Answer 19

Polar covalent Bond

Question 20

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself is called ________________

Answer 20

Electronegativity

Question 21

Electronegativity _________ across the period, and ______ down a group

Answer 21

Increases across and Decreases down

Question 22

This occurs whenever there is a separation of positive and negative charges. It measure the polarity of a Polar bond within a molecule.

Answer 22

Dipole Moment

Dipole(u)

Question 23

we indicate the polarity of molecules by marking the positive end ( or ____) in a polar bond maybe represented with a “__” and the negative with a “__”

Answer 23

or a Pole
“S+” being positive
“S-“ being negative

Question 24

when charges are separated by a distance, a _____ is produced. This is a _________ measure of the magnitude of the ____ (_)

Answer 24

Dipole is produced
Quantitative number
Dipole(u)

Question 25

Interactions of metals and nonmetals often yield _____ ______ .

Answer 25

Ionic compounds

Question 26

When Ionic bonding is dominant, we expect compounds to exhibit properties associated with ___-____ ____ and ____ ______.

Answer 26

High-Melting Solids | Strong Electrolytes

Question 27

Interactions of nonmetals with other nonmetals often yield compounds that are _____ _____.

Answer 27

Covenant Compounds

Question 28

When Covalent bonding is dominant, we expect compounds to exhibit properties associated with _____ _____ and ____ ___

Answer 28

Low melting and boiling point | non-electrolyte behavior when dissolved in water

Question 29

_________ _________ are attempts to represent a real structure that is a mix between several extreme possibility

Answer 29

Resonance Structures

Question 30

Benzene belongs to an important category of organic molecules called

Answer 30

Aromatic Copounds

Question 31

Most molecules have an even number of electrons and complete pairing of electrons occurs, although some molecules have an odd number of electrons

Answer 31

Example: ClO2, NO, and NO2

Question 32

Molecules with less than octet are also relatively rare, most often encountered in compounds of _____ or _______.

Answer 32

Boron or Berllium | ex: BF3

Question 33

Molecules and ions with more than an octect of electrons around the central atom are often called ________

Answer 33

Hypervalent

Question 34

The distance between the nuclei of atoms involved in a bond is called the _____ _____

Answer 34

Bond Lentgh

Question 35

Multiple Bonds are ______ & ______ than single bonds

Answer 35

Shorter | Stronger

Question 36

The shape of a molecule is determined by its ______ _____

Answer 36

Bond Angle

Question 37

In order to predict molecule shape, we assume that the valence electrons repel each other. Adopts the three-dimensional geometry that minimizes this repulsion. This is called _____- ____ _____- ______ ______

Answer 37

Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion | VSEPR

Question 38

A covalent bond forms between two atoms when a pair of electrons occupies the space between the atoms, this is a _____ _____ of electrons. Such a region is an ________ ______

Answer 38

Bonding Pair Electron Domain

Question 39

A _______ ____ or ____ ____ of electrons defines an electron domain located principally on one atom

Answer 39

nonbonding pair | Lone pair

Question 40

_______ predicts that the best arrangement of electrons domains is the one that minimizes the repulsion among them.

Answer 40

VSEPR predicts that...

Question 41

The arrangement of electrons domains about the central atom of an A B molecule is its _______-_____ ______

Answer 41

Electron-Domain Geometry

Question 42

There are "#" different electron-domain geoetries

Answer 42

5

Question 43

Two Electron Domains

Answer 43

Linear

Question 44

Three Electron Domains

Answer 44

Trigonal Planar

Question 45

Four Electron Domains

Answer 45

Tetrahedral

Question 46

Five Electron Domains

Answer 46

Trigonal Bipyramidal

Question 47

Six Electron Domains

Answer 47

Octahedral

Question 48

The ______ ______ is the arrangement of the atoms in space

Answer 48

Molecular Geometry

Question 49

Know the bond angles for CH4 NH3 H2O

Answer 49

C≈109.5° has 4 sigma bonds and no lone pairs N≈107° has 3 sigma bonds and one lone H≈104° has 2 sigma bonds and two lone

Question 50

Three Atoms (AB2) looks like _____ ,____

Answer 50

Linear | Bent

Question 51

Four Atoms (AB3) looks like _____, ____, ____

Answer 51

Trigonal planar Trigonal Pyramidal T-Shaped

Question 52

Five Atoms (AB4) looks like ____, ____, ____

Answer 52

Tetrahedral Square Planar Seesaw

Question 53

Six Atoms (AB5) Looks like _____ ______, ______ _____

Answer 53

Trigonal bipyramidal | Square pyramidal

Question 54

Seven Atoms (AB6) looks like ________

Answer 54

Octahedral

Question 55

In a trigonal Bipyramid The three electron pairs in the plane are called _____ The two electron pairs above and below the plane are called ___

Answer 55

Equatorial Axial

Question 56

In a trigonal Bipyramid | Axial Electron pairs are "#" apart and "#" to the equatorial electrons

Answer 56

180 | 90

Question 57

In a trigonal Bipyramid | Equatorial are "#" degrees apart

Answer 57

120

Question 58

In a Octahedron The four electron pairs in the plane are at "#" to each other The two Axial electron pairs are "#" apart and "#" to the electrons in the plan

Answer 58

90 | 180 and 90

Question 59

When dealing with Lager Molecules | We assign ______ ______ & ______-______ about each interior (_____) atom separately

Answer 59

Molecular geometry & Electron-domain | center

Question 60

For each bond in a polyatomic molecule, we can consider the _____ ____

Answer 60

Bond Dipole

Question 61

Is it true that Dipole moment due only to the two atoms in the bond dipole?

Answer 61

True

Question 62

The angle of F--Be--F is "#"

Answer 62

180 degress

Question 63

We can solve the problem by allowing the 2s and one 2p orbital on Be to mix or form two new _____ _____ (a process called __________)

Answer 63

Hybrid Orbitals | Hybridization

Question 64

The large lobes of the sp2 hybrids lie in a _____ _____

Answer 64

Trigonal Plane

Question 65

Do we need to know the electron-domain geometry before we can assign hybridization?

Answer 65

Yes

Question 66

______ ____ : Electron density lies on the axis between the nuclei. All _____ Bonds are

Answer 66

Sigma Bonds Single Bonds

Question 67

_____ _____: Electron density lies above and below the plane of the nuclei

Answer 67

Pi Bonds

Question 68

A Double bond has "#" Sigma and "#" Pi

Answer 68

1 and 1

Question 69

A Triple Bond has "#" Sigma and "#" Pi

Answer 69

1 and 2

Question 70

In benzene the three Pi bonds are __________

Answer 70

Delocalized