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Immunology (clinicals) > Quiz 3- Cytokines and Compliment > Flashcards

Quiz 3- Cytokines and Compliment Flashcards

1
Q

4 different ways cytokines act

A

Synergy
Pleiotropy
Redundancy
Antagonism

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2
Q

Cytokine Storm

A

Hypercytokinemia

Massive overproduction and dysregulation of cytokines produce hyperstimulation of the immune response.

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3
Q

Cytokine storm leads to…

A

Shock
multiorgan failure
Death

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4
Q

4 major proinflammatory cytokines

A

TNF-a
IL-1
IL-6
IFN-gamma

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5
Q

4 major anti-inflammatory cytokines

A

TGF-beta
IL-10
IL-13
IL-35

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6
Q

Hypercytokinemia disrupts the balance from beneficial to destructive and causes release of ___ and ___

A

TNF

Interleukin-1B

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7
Q

5 major cytokine families

A 
TNFs
IFNs
Chemokines
TGFs (Transforming growth factors)
CSFs
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8
Q

IL-1 acts as an ____ ____ and induces ____ in the acute phase through its actions on the _____

A

endogenous pyrogen
fever
hypothalamus

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9
Q

IL-1 Induces production of (3 things)

A

Vascular cell-adhesion molecules
Chemokines
IL-6

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10
Q

____ is responsible for most of the systemic activity attributed to IL-1

A

IL-1B

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11
Q

IL-1a and iL-1B are proinflammatory cytokines produces by…

A

monos, macros, dendritic cells

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12
Q

IL1RA is produced by ___ and ___.

It acts as an ____ to ____ by ______

A

monos and macros

antagonist to IL-1 by blocking the IL-1 receptor and limiting the availability of the receptor for IL-1

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13
Q

TNF-a is named for…

A

the ability to induce lysis in tumor cells

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14
Q

TNF-a exists in ___ and ___ forms.

It causes ___ and _____ ____.

A

membrane-bound and soluble

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

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15
Q

TNF-a triggered by presence of ____

A

lipopolysaccharide

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16
Q

Actions of IL-1

A

Inflammation, fever, initiation of the acute-phase response

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17
Q

TNF-a secreted by:

A

Monos, Macros, PMNs, NK cells, activated T cells

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18
Q

TNF-a actions

A

Inflammation, initiation of acute phase response, death of tumor cells

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19
Q

IL-6 secreted by

A

Monos, macros, endothelial cells, Th2 cells

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20
Q

IL-6 actions

A

Initiation of acute phase response

Activation of B and T cells

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21
Q

TGF-B secreted by

A

T cells, macros, other cell types

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22
Q

TGF-B actions

A

Inhibition of both T- and b-cell proliferation, induction of IgA, inhibition of macros
(down regulates inflammatory response)

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23
Q

IFN-a, IFN-B secreted by

A

macros, dendritic cells, virally infected cells

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24
Q

6 cytokines associated with innate immunity

A 
IL-1B
TNF-a
IL-6
TGF-B
IFN-a
IFN-B
25
Q

5 cytokines associated with adaptive immunity

A 
IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IL-10
IFN-gamma
26
Q

IL-2 secreted by

A

T-cells (Th1)

27
Q

IL-2 actions

A

Growth and proliferation of T and B cells

NK activation and proliferation

28
Q

IL-4 secreted by

A

Th2 cells

Mast cells

29
Q

IL-4 actions

A

Promotion of Th2 differentiation, stimulation of B cells to switch to IgE production

30
Q

IL-5 secreted by

A

Th2 cells

31
Q

IL-5 actions

A

Eosinophil generation and activation, B-cell differentiation

32
Q

IL-10 secreted by

A

Th2 cells, monos, macros

33
Q

IL-10 actions

A

Suppression of Th2 cells, inhibition of Ag presentation, inhibition of IFN-gamma

34
Q

IFN-gamma secreted by

A

Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, NK cells

35
Q

IFN-gamma actions

A

Activation of macros, increased expression of class I and II MHC molecules, increased Ag presentation

36
Q

IL-6 part of cytokine cascade released in response to ____

A

LPS

37
Q

IL-6 triggered by ___

A

IL-1

38
Q

TGF-B funtions as _____ for mature T cells

A

anti-inflammatory factor

39
Q

TGF-B actions on activated B cells:

A

Inhibits proliferation

Autocrine regulator to limit the expansion of activated cells

40
Q

Type 1 IFNS (-a and -B) are produced by ___ and interfere with ____

A

dendritic cells

viral replication and cell division

41
Q

Type 1 IFNs activate ___ and enhance ____

A 
NK cells
MHC class I molecules
42
Q

Th1 cells secrete ____ and that enhances activity of…

A

IFN-gamma

Tc cells, NK cells, Antigen presentation, activates macrophages

43
Q

Th2 cells secrete ___ to enhance activity of:

A

IL-4

Ab formation, Allergic response, Antiparasitic response, Ag presentation

44
Q

Treg cells secrete ___ and ___ that act to:

A

IL-10 and TGF-B

establish peripheral tolerance. Inhibition of Th1 and Th2 cells, APCs

45
Q

IL-2 is known as ____ because it…

A

T-cell growth factor
Drives the growth and differentiation of T and B cells, induces lytic activity in NK cells, activates proliferation of Th2 cells

46
Q

Th2 cells secrete ___ and ___

A

IL-4

IL-10

47
Q

IL-4 helps drive ___ response to various diseases

A

antibody

48
Q

IL-10 has ____ and ____ effects on Th1 cells.

It inhibits _____ _____ by macros and dendritic cells

A

anti-inflammatory and suppressive

Antigen presentation

49
Q

IL-10 serves as antagonist to ____ to….

A

IFN-gamma

down-regulate immune response

50
Q

Tregs express ___ and ___

A

CD4, CD25

51
Q

Tregs produce ___ that _____ other T cells.

They induce ___ and ___ expression in adaptive Tr1 cells in peripheral blood

A

TGF-B, suppresses

IL-10 and TFG-B

52
Q

This inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and suppresses T cells

A

IL-10

53
Q

This down-regs APC function and blocks proliferation and cytokine production by CD4+ T cells

A

TGF-B

54
Q

Th17 cytokines have a role in defense at _____

A

mucosal surfaces

55
Q

Th17 cells secrete ___ to promote recruitment of ___ and release of ____

A

IL-17
PMNs
antimicrobial peptides

56
Q

dysregulated Th17 cytokines have been implicated in….

A

pathogenesis of multiple inflammatory diseases and several autoimmune conditions

57
Q

CSFs include…

A 
IL-3
EPO
G-CSF
M-CSF
GM-CSF
58
Q

CSFs work to…

A

stimulate growth of hematopoietic cells in the BM in response to inflammatory cytokines (like IL-1)

Immunology (clinicals) (1 decks)

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