Quiz 3 Focus Flashcards
(30 cards)
Trust v. Mistrust
- develops a sense of trust in others by having needs met
- BEHAVIOR: caregiver must meet all needs of child
- (1) Erikson: birth - 18 months
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
- Stage in which a toddler learns to exercise will and to do things independently; failure to do so causes shame and doubt
- achieve a balance btwn holding on and letting go
- BEHAVIOR: child strives to make decisions for themselves
- (2) Erikson: 18 months - 3 yr
Initiative vs. Guilt
- stage in which the child finds independence in planning, playing and other activities
- BEHAVIOR: child explores his or her world and abilities (running, jumping, throwing)
- (3) Erikson: 3-6 yr
Industry vs. Inferiority
- develops a sense of self-worth based on accomplishments while avoiding feelings of failure
- BEHAVIOR: child refines skills acquired previously and develops a peer social network that exerts great influence on him/her
- (4) Erikson: 6-12 yr
identity vs. role confusion
- emerge from the stage with a strong sense of individuality
- BEHAVIOR: Adolescent explores and integrates multiple roles: student, athlete, child, adult. Emotional fluctuation and stress are common as the adolescent struggles to sort out his or her ID
- Erikson 12-18 yr
Intimacy vs. Isolation
- seeks fulfilling love and fam relationships
- BEHAVIOR: person searches for a partner who supports and complements them; starting a family is common
- Erikson: 18-35 yr
Generativity vs. Stagnation
- develop a sense of self-worth as children leave the home
- BEHAVIOR: person seeks involvement in creative and meaningful work and transmits culture and values to younger gens
- Erikson: 35-55 yr
integrity vs despair
- achieve a sense of fulfillment over life’s accomplishments
- BEHAVIOR: person reviews life events and accepts the finality of death
- Erikson 55 yr +
sensorimotor stage
the child begins to use images and symbols to represent the world; is still unable to repeat mentally what he or she can do physically.
- Piaget: 2-7yr
concrete operational stage
- logical reasoning gradually replaces intuitive thoughts
- children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events
- Piaget: 7-11 yr
formal operational stage
- the person refines their ability to think logically; capable of abstract thoughts
- during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
cognitive development theory
- how the process of thoughts develops
- children actively construct knowledge as the manipulate and explore their world
Psychosocial Theory
Erikson’s proposal that personality development is determined by the interaction of an internal maturational plan and external societal demands
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
Developing children progress through a predictable sequence of stages of moral reasoning (preconventional, conventional, postconventional).
preconventional morality
- first level of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development in which the child’s behavior is governed by the consequences of the behavior
- based on direct consequences
- (1) obedience and punishment orientation
- (2) individualism and exchange
conventional level of moral development
the second level of moral development, in which people make decisions that conform to societal expectations
- based on wanting to please
- (3) good/bad orientation
- (4) law and order orientation
postconventional morality
third level of Kohlberg’s stages of moral development in which the person’s behavior is governed by moral principles that have been decided on by the individual and that may be in disagreement with accepted social norms
- (5) social contract and individual rights
- (6) universal principles
safe education for teens
- use seatbelts at all times
- use protective gear such as helmets and long pants when riding all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and motorcyles
- participate in an approved drivere and edu program
- avoid texting and other distractions while driving
Acculturation
- The adoption of cultural traits, such as language, by one group under the influence of another.
- first-hand contact between groups
- each groups still remains distinct
example of language development in acculturation
pidgin
Assimilation
- process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with or blend into a second group
- concept in sociology in which an ethnic minority adopts the beliefs, languages, and customs of the dominant community, losing their own culture in the process
example of assimilation
- melting pot
- intergroup marriage
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures while using one’s own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures
transcultural nursing
- focuses on human caring: associated w differences and similarities among the belief, values, and patterned life ways of culture to provide congruent, meaningful, and beneficial health care
- the study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each culture
- emic and etic
