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DPTD 733 > Quiz 3: Hematology > Flashcards

Quiz 3: Hematology Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of Blood

A

1) transportation; moves respiratory gases, nutrients and hormones throughout body cells

2) regulation:help maintain body pH and temperature

3)protection: through clotting mechanisms

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2
Q

Components of blood

A

1) plasma ( extracellular fluid) 2) formed elements such as RBC’S WBC’s and platelets

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of plasma proteins

A

1) Albumin
2) Globulins
3) Coagulation Proteins

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4
Q

Function of Albumin

A

Contributes to blood viscosity(thickness) and maintains blood pressure

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5
Q

Function of Globulins

A

Carrier molecules

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6
Q

Function of Coagulation Proteins

A

Formation of blood clots

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7
Q

Red Blood Cells aka…

A

Erythrocytes

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8
Q

White blood cells aka…

A

Leukocytes

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9
Q

Platelets aka…

A

Thrombocytes

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10
Q

What is Hemopoiesis and where does it occur?

A

•The process of the formation of blood cells.
-located in red bone marrow

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11
Q

What is the largest component of formed elements?

A

RBCs

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12
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

Percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBC

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13
Q

Low hematocrit =

A

Anemia

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14
Q

High hematocrit =

A

Polycythemia

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15
Q

Function of RBC’s

A

Carry oxygen to tissues of the body

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16
Q

What is Hemoglobin?

A

A protein molecule adapted to carry oxygen

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17
Q

RBC Life cycle

A

Live for only 120 days then they are recycled.

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18
Q

What is bilirubin?

A

A yellow-orange pigmented waste product that is processed in the liver

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19
Q

What happens when Billirubin has problems with processing?

A

Leads to jaundice,a condition of yellowing skin and eyes.

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20
Q

The rate of erythropoises matches the rate of….

A

Production matches destruction

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21
Q

What is a erythroblast

Study These Flashcards
A

Maturing RBCs derived from multipotential

22
Q

What are reticulocytes?

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A
  • Immature RBC’S in the blood stream. - develop into mature RBC’S in 1-2 days
23
Q

Relationship between Erythropoiesis and Hypoxia

Study These Flashcards
A

Increases during states of hypoxia. Stimulates kidneys to release erythropoiten

24
Q

What is the function of leukocytes?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protect the body through the immune and inflammatory response

25
Ratio of RBCs to WBCs
700:1
26
What are Neutrophils?
- Most numerous amount of WBC's - phagocyte - fight bacterial infections
27
What are Monocytes?
Spend 2-3 days in the blood before migrating into tissue where they are called macrophages - help digest RBC in the spleen
28
What are Eosinophils?
Fight off parasitic infection
29
What are Basophils?
Participate in allergy reactions
30
What are Lymphocytes?
- Create antibodies as part of specific immune response
31
Three types of lymphocytes
1) B Cells 2) T Cells 3) Natural Killers
32
B Cells function
• Create antibodies to target bacteria
33
T cells function
•attack viruses, fungi, transplanted cells, some cancer cells
34
Natural Killers function
Attack infectious microbes, some tumor cells
35
Leukocytes Pnemonic
Never (Neutrophil) Let (Lymphocytes) Monkeys (Monocytes) Eat (Eosinophil) Bananas (Basophil)
36
What is Leukopenia?
•decreased WBC count (< 5,000 mm). Can indicate a severe disease
37
What are platelets?
Aka thrombocytes. Fragments of megakaryotes. Promote blood clotting when released
38
What is Thrombocytopenia?
Low platelet count (<150,000) which leads to inadequate blood clotting
39
What is Thrombocytosis
• High platelet count. Leads to ↑ blood clotting
40
What is Hemostasis
Sequence of responses that stops bleeding
41
What are key players in Hemostasis?
Platelets, plasma proteins, coagulation factors,
42
Three mechanisms that reduce blood loss
1) vascular spasm 2) formation of platelet plug 3) Blood clotting ( coagulation)
43
What is Fibrinolysis?
The process of dissolving a clot.
44
Blood Disorders: Problems with RBCs
1) Anemia:↓RBC 2) Sickle Cell Disease
45
Blood Disorders: Problems with WBCs
Leukemia
46
Blood Disorders: Problems with Hemostasis
1) Thrombocytopenia 2) Hemophilia 3) Impaired liver/Lack of vitamin K
47
What is anemia?
↓ in RBC #. Can be due to blood loss, iron deficiency, and structurally abnormal hemoglobin
48
What is sickle cell disease?
A genetic disorder that leads to a production of faulty hemoglobin
49
What is leukemia?
•malignant red bone marrow cancer where WBC's produce uncontrollably. - reduces function of RBC WBC and platelets
50
What is Hemophilia?
X linked recessive hereditary disorder -uncontrolled bleeding after minor injury

DPTD 733 (11 decks)

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