Quiz 3 HW Questions Flashcards
1
Q
How many primary ossification centers appear in a typical vertebrae during gestation?
A
3
2
Q
How many bony parts do typical vertebrae contain at birth?
A
3
3
Q
Which vertebrae are still entirely cartilaginous at birth?
A
All coccygeal
4
Q
The two halves of the neural/vertebral arch initially fuse with _______________.
A
each other
5
Q
When do the neural/vertebral arches complete fusion with the centrum?
A
Around the 6th year of life
6
Q
When do vertebral secondary ossification centers develop?
A
puberty
7
Q
Where do vertebrae grow in height?
A
From the epiphyseal plates
8
Q
What remnant structure results from the union between the anular epiphyses and the vertebral body?
A
Epiphyseal rim
9
Q
The typical vertebrae has ____ secondary ossification centers.
A
5
10
Q
T/F: Vertebral secondary ossification centers typically fuse by age 18 in both genders.
A
false
11
Q
Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?
tip of SP
A
secondary ossification center
12
Q
Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?
centrum
A
primary ossification center
13
Q
Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?
tip of TP
A
secondary ossification center
14
Q
Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?
L/R neural arches
A
primary ossification center
15
Q
Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?
superior and inferior anular epiphyses
A
secondary ossification center
16
Q
Which region of the spine is located at the most superior aspect of the spinal column?
A
cervical region
17
Q
Which region of the spine consist of 5 fused vertebral segments in the adult?
A
sacral region
18
Q
Which region of the spine consist of 12 vertebrae?
A
thoracic region
19
Q
Which region of the spine is located at the most inferior aspect of the spinal column?
A
coccygeal region
20
Q
Which region of the spine consist of 5 articulating vertebrae?
A
lumbar region
21
Q
Which type of spinal column curve projects the convexity in a posterior direction?
A
kyphotic
22
Q
Which type of spinal column curve is found in the cervical and lumbar regions?
A
lordotic
23
Q
What is the name if the two bony processes that project posterolaterally in a horizontal plane at the junction between the lamina and the pedicle?
A
transverse process
24
Q
What is the name of the bony process that projects from the posterior side of the vertebra at the most posterior point of the vertebral arch?
A
spinous process
25
What is the name of the ring surrounding the central cancellous bone on periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the adult vertebral body?
epiphyseal rim
26
What is the name of the process that arises superiorly from the junction between the lamina and pedicle?
superior articular process
27
What is the name of the large, cylindrical somewhat oval-shaped anterior portion of the vertebra?
vertebral body
28
What is the name of smooth surfaces of the articular processes?
articular facets
29
What space is formed by the vertebral arch and the posterior margin of the vertebral body?
vertebral foramen
30
What is the name of the two short stout cylindrical processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to unite with the laminae?
pedicles
31
What is the name of the two broad flat plates of bone that fuse in the midline at the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch?
laminae
32
What is the name of the space on the lateral aspect between adjacent vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column that spinal nerves pass through?
intervertebral foramen
33
What is the name of the shape formed by the pedicle that forms the inferior border of the intervertebral foramen?
superior notch
34
What is the name of the vertebrae that is shaped like a ring and does not have a vertebral body or spinous process?
atlas
35
What is the name of the small, rounded process on the outer aspect of the anterior arch of atlas?
anterior tubercle
36
What is the name of the small flat surface located in the midline on the inside of the anterior arch of atlas?
facet of dens
37
What is the name of the kidney-shaped concave surface on the superior aspect of the lateral masses?
superior articular facet
38
What is the name of the small, rounded process located in the center of the posterior arch on the outer surface?
posterior tubercle
39
What is the name of the ring that runs from the posterior aspect of each lateral masses?
posterior arch
40
What is the name of the groove located on the superior aspect of the posterior arch just posterior to the lateral masses?
groove for vertebral artery
41
What is the name of the skull bone that articulates with atlas?
occiput
42
What is the name of the two rounded protuberances located on either side of the foramen magnum?
occipital condyles
43
What is the unique feature of the C2 spinous process?
large bifid spinous process
44
What is the name of the tooth-like structure that projects superiorly from the C2 vertebral body?
dens
45
What is the general plane orientation of the inferior articular facet of C2?
horizontal
46
What is the unique name for the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6?
carotid tubercle
47
What is the name of the elevated superolateral margins of cervical vertebral bodies?
uncinate processes
48
Which vertebral feature forms a zygapophyseal joint?
articular facet
49
What is the name of the foramen that vertebral arteries travel?
transverse foramen
50
What is the general purpose of the anterior and posterior tubercle of the transverse process?
attachment for muscles
51
What is another name for the unique elongated spinous process of C7?
vertebral prominens
52
What is the name of the surface on a transverse process that ribs articulate with?
costal facets
53
Where is the general location of demi costal facets on the thoracic vertebral body?
lateral
54
Which type of vertebrae has their spinous process slope inferiorly?
thoracic
55
What is the general orientation of thoracic articular facets?
coronal plane
56
What is the name of the small tubercle on the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae?
mammillary process
57
What is the general plane orientation of the articular facets of L1 – L4?
sagittal plane
58
What is the name of the large triangular bone at the inferior aspect of the spinal column?
sacrum
59
What is the name of the ridge on the posterior surface of sacrum that is a remnant of spinous processes?
median sacral crest
60
What is the name of the triangular space at the most distal end of the sacrum that leads into the sacral canal?
sacral hiatus
61
What is the remnant of the first coccygeal articular processes?
coccygeal cornua
62
What is the name of the space that rami of spinal nerves exit the sacrum?
sacral foramina
63
What is the name of the processes that project laterally from the body of Co1?
transverse process
64
What is another name for the tail bone?
coccyx
65
Which coccygeal bone forms the base of the coccyx?
Co1
66
Which ligament is the strongest in the cervical region of the spine?
nuchal ligament
67
Which ligament facilitates rotation of the medial atlanto-axial joint?
transverse ligament
68
Which ligament runs from the lateral margins of the foramen magnum to the sides of the dens?
alar ligament
69
Which membranes connects the cranium to atlas?
anterior and posterior AO membrane
70
The following describe characteristics of the ligamentum flava EXCEPT:
A) It is the strongest ligament in the cervical spine
B) Assist with straightening the spinal column after flexing
C) Connects the lamina to each other
D) Contains yellow elastin
A) It is the strongest ligament in the cervical spine
71
The following describe the nuchal ligament EXCEPT:
A) Runs from the spinous process of C7 to the occiput
B) It is the superior continuation of the supraspinous ligament
C) Assist with cervical extension
D) Provides attachment for muscles
C) Assist with cervical extension
72
Which structures can be encircled by a ponticulus posticus?
vertebral artery and dorsal rami of the 1st cervical spinal nerve
73
The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the
PLL
74
What is the name of the long supporting ligament that runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc?
posterior longitudinal ligament
75
What soft tissue limits both flexion and extension of the the atlanto-occipital joint?
tectorial membrane
76
This ligament extends between the lateral masses of C1 and functions to prevent cord compression during flexion.
transverse ligament
77
The cruciate ligament is formed by the ___________ ligament and the the superior and inferior ______________________
transverse, longitudinal bands
78
The longitudinal bands of the cruciate ligament primarily function to hold the ___________ ligament in place.
transverse
79
The alar ligament's primary function is to prevent or resist excessive
rotation
80
Which ligament attaches the apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum?
apical ligament
81
What is the name of the soft tissue that extend from the anterior arch of C1 to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum?
anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
82
What is the name of the connective tissue that runs from the vertebral arch of C2 to the posterior arch of C1?
posterior atlanto-axial membrane
83
Calcification of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament can cause a
ponticulus posticus
84
Both the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane and the anterior atlanto-axial membrane blend with the _____________________ ligament
anterior longitudinal
85
Which ligament joins the transverse process of L5 to the ilium?
iliolumbar ligament
86
Which ligament runs a long continuous band that connects and covers the anterolateral aspect of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disk ?
anterior longitudinal ligament
87
What is the name of the ligament that connect the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to sacrum?
supraspinous ligament
88
What is the name of the ligament that connects the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae?
intertransverse ligament
89
What is the name of the weak ligament located between the spinous processes?
interspinous ligament
90
Which membrane limits both flexion and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint?
tectorial membrane
91
What is the name of the soft tissue structure that joins the vertebral bodies to form a joint?
intervertebral disk
92
What is the name of the gelatinous fluid in the center of an intervertebral disc?
nucleus pulposus
93
Which structural type of joint is formed between vertebral bodies?
symphysis
94
What is the functional classification of the joint formed between vertebral bodies?
amphiarthrosis
95
What is the name of outer concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage that surrounds the gelatinous mass in an intervertebral disc?
anulus fibrosus
96
What is the name of the synovial-like joints that are located between the uncinate processes and beveled inferolateral surface of vertebral bodies?
uncovertebral joints
(Genuinely have no idea what this question is, it was a direct copy and paste from her hw)
97
What is the anatomical classification of the vertebral body joints?
fibrocartilaginous
98
What is the name of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?
zygapophysial
99
What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?
synovial
100
What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?
diarthrotic
101
What type of movement occurs between the articular processes?
gliding
102
What is the name of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?
atlanto-occipital joint
103
What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?
synovial
104
What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?
diarthrotic
105
What is the specific name of the joint formed between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1?
median atlanto-axial
106
What is the name of the joint formed between the inferior facets of the lateral masses of C1 and the superior facets of C2?
lateral atlanto-axial
107
What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the inferior facets of the lateral masses of C1 and the superior facets of C2?
synovial
108
What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1?
diarthrosis
109
The atlanto-occipital joint is anatomically classified as a ___________ joint and functionally classified as a _______________ joint
synovial, diarthrodial
110
Which spinal column joint connects the axial skeleton to the inferior appendicular skeleton?
sacro-iliac
111
Which ligament joins the transverse process of L5 to the ilium?
iliolumbar
112
The synovial portion of the sacroiliac joint is located between the ___________ surface and ilium.
auricular
113
The functional classification of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint is __________________ and the anatomical classification is __________
synarthrosis, fibrous
114
What is the functional classification of the anterior part of the sacroiliac joint?
amphiarthrosis
