Quiz 3 Material Flashcards
In what ways does the iconography of warfare and conquest reflect Egyptian perception of the outside world and foreign peoples?
Showed how Egypt believed themselves to be superior and the most important country in the world.
2nd cataract forts functions
defensive structures,
monitor, facilitate, and block riverine traffic
safeguard mines that were critical for trade.
As the Great Royal Wife, Tiye wielded significant influence during her husband Amenhotep III’s reign. How did Queen Tiye’s role and influence, both domestically and in foreign diplomacy, shape the trajectory of the 18th Dynasty, and what sets her apart from other queens of her time?
Her depth of influence and active role in diplomacy and state affairs. While other queens held positions of importance, Tiye’s political engagement and her husband’s evident reliance on her counsel made her an exceptional figure in Egyptian history. Her diplomatic efforts helped maintain peaceful relations with foreign powers, contributing to the stability of Egypt during Amenhotep III’s reign.
challenges and successes of Hatshepsut’s regency and co-rule with Thutmose III and what measures she took to legitimize her claim to the throne
The challenges of her reign were getting men to respect her and legitimize her rule. The measures she took to legitimize her claim were building many great monuments, claiming a divine birth, and emphasizing her blood ties with Thutmose II. The successes was the length of her co-rule and how legendary all her monuments were.
Fayum during the MK
very fertile, Middle Kingdom kings held agriculture experiments with their fertile land to make farming more efficient.
How did “Egypt’s Sun King”, Amenhotep III get this moniker and what are the notable achievements of his reign?
reign is well known and is remembered as a time of peace, wealth, and many cultural improvements.
How did SIP start?
relocation of the capital from Itjtawy to Thebes
How did the peace treaty with Mittani, established during the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV, alter the power dynamics in the Near East and shape the foreign policy decisions of subsequent pharaohs?
quelled any tension there might have been in the future between the two kingdoms, leading them to become diplomatic allies. Thus creating stability in their respective kingdoms. Foreign policy also changed as this established a precedent for future diplomatic efforts.
How did the relationship between pharaohs and governers change from the Old Kingdom to the Middle Kingdom?
Governers and regional rulers had more power in MK than in the OK. In general, the political system in MK was more organized and strict than OK
How did art iconography serve as a tool of propaganda and statecraft?
these scenes showed that Egypt was very powerful and could not be stopped and allowed for the people to be proud of Egypt. This also helped Ramesses ll with his battle in kadesh where he showed their decisive victory even though in reality it was most likely a tie or Egypt may have been lost this battle.
How do the Amarna letters provide insight into the nature and intricacies of diplomatic relations between Egypt and its vassal states and neighbors during the Late Bronze Age?
provide insight into the complex web of diplomatic relations between Egypt and its vassal states and neighbors
How effective were the 2nd cataract forts in establishing Egyptian control over Nubia during the Middle Kingdom?
The 2nd cataract forts were very effective in establishing control over Nubia.
How would you characterize the relations between the Hyksos in the north and the Theban rulers in the south?
turmoil and competition
Impact of interaction with Nubia in MK
easier access to mineral resources, and heavy political interaction as Egypt built fortresses in Nubia and had control to some extent over the Nubian government.
main characteristics of the 18th Dynasty
- Devotion to the cult of Amun
- Tendency to expand N. and S. for material gains
- The closed nuclear royal family
- Developing administrative organization
Pyramid Architecture and Burial Practices in MK
pyramid architecture disappeared and pharaohs were buried in hidden rock-cut tombs and funerary cults embraced inclusion
Pyramid Architecture and Burial Practices in OK
complex, expensive, and only meant for the elite.
How did SIP end?
conquest of the Hyksos capital by the Theban king Ahmose
Sobekneferu challenges and conformity to the gender norms
- first female pharaoh
- challenged the line of succession that traditionally only went through males
- proved women could be effective rulers
Sobekneferu legacy
true pharaoh
set precedent as the first female ruler that later on would inspire Cleopatra and Hatshepsut.
To what extent were the Sea Peoples responsible for the Late Bronze Age collapse?
Not the only factor for collapse as their invasions and prominence coincided with the occurrence of multiple devastating natural disasters such as famines, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.
Tomb Robbery Papyri
related to tomb robbery and investigations into thefts from royal and elite tombs, including those in the Valley of the Kings. Reveals the challenges faced by Egyptian authorities in protecting the tombs of the pharaohs and nobility.
Unification war impact
It was a period of territorial expansion and military campaigns. This meant they had new alliances as well as new provinces out of Levant and Nubia.
What are the main topics of the vassal letters?
pledging loyalty, military assistance, trade, border disputes, and religious matters
