Quiz 3 Material (Old)

Question 1

Patronage

Answer 1

a social tradition whereby poorer citizens relied on wealthy citizens for legal representation and protection, and in return offered political support and loyalty

Question 2

In order to utilize their superior infantry in a naval war, the Romans developed this innovation on board their ships that they used for about ten years

Answer 2

the corvus

Question 3

the corvus

Answer 3

navy device used on ships to deploy infantry to other boats - think of it like a walkway i guess

Question 4

The Roman legion consisted of maniples typically arranged in this way

Answer 4

triple line

Question 5

triple line

Answer 5

roman military formation tactic

Question 6

The capture of Rome by the Celtic Gauls in 387 BCE caused the Romans to rethink what?

Answer 6

Their military formations and strategies

Question 7

Which king, using the Macedonian phalanx formation, won a battle against the Romans in 280 BCE, but at such a cost that it almost amounted to a defeat?

Answer 7

pyrrhus of eprius

Question 8

Which statement best describes Roman treatment of the Italians as they established hegemony in Italy?

Answer 8

romans made them allies and granted forms of citizenship

Question 9

Punic Wars – how many? what time period?

Answer 9

3 punic wars

264 BCE-146 BCE

Question 10

The three Punic Wars were a series of wars that Rome fought against what powerful city-state?

Answer 10

carthage

Question 11

the first punic war

Answer 11

began in 264 BCE, a naval war

Question 12

what was the first punic war fought over (cause of the 1st punic war)

Answer 12

Sicily and trade routes in the western Mediterranean

Question 13

immediately after the Romans declared victory in 201 BCE they declared war in 200 BCE against what other state?

Answer 13

macedonia

Question 14

The Romans won the Second Punic War, but in no way was that outcome inevitable. There were many factors that led to their victory; but this answer was NOT a true factor in this conflict

Answer 14

the romans depended primarily on a mercenary army to fight for them

Question 15

In the final chapter of the Punic Wars, the so-called Third Punic War (149-146 BCE), the Romans did this

Answer 15

besieged and burned Carthage to the ground killing or enslaving all its inhabitants

Question 16

After their defeat in the First Punic War, the Carthaginians sent their general Hamilcar Barca into what region to gain land and resources?

Answer 16

spain (Hiberia)

Question 17

Hannibal delivered the Romans a devastating loss at Cannae in 216 BCE by arranging his infantry to provoke the massive Roman army to do what?

Answer 17

push forward toward the center of Hannibal’s line so the wings of his infantry could encircle them

Question 18

Hannibal Barca, son of Hamilcar, was in Spain when the Romans declared war in 218 BCE. What he did next is still admired by military historians

Answer 18

He took his army over the Alps into Italy

Question 19

Hannibal’s early battles against Rome (218-216 BCE) were decisive victories for him, and you know their locations by the abbreviation “3 T’s and a C” - the “C” stands for:

Answer 19

cannae

Question 20

-Hannibal’s early battles against Rome (218-216 BCE) were decisive victories for him, and you know their locations by the abbreviation “3 T’s and a C” - the “3 Ts” stand for:

Answer 20

Ticinus, Trebia, Trasimene

Question 21

Roman defeat at Cannae (216) – how did it happen?

Answer 21

• hannibal’s strategy was to make the vast numbers of the romans a liability
• the typical morning breeze blew dust in the eyes of the romans
• encircled the Roman triple line formation

Question 22

During the Second Punic War, after the losses of 218-217 BCE, and again after Cannae in 216 BCE, the Romans widely adopted the policy of Fabius Maximus Cunctator, which was what?

Answer 22

The policy of attrition: delaying battle and attacking enemy supply lines

Question 23

Magna Mater and Claudia

Answer 23

• Seeking divine help from the gods to help defeat Hannibal, the Romans shipped Cybele/Magna Mater (The great mother) from Mt. Ida in Phrygia (area of ancient Troy) to Rome by ship in 204 BCE
• Claudia was a women from a noble family under a cloud of suspension for adultery, pulled the ship carrying the goddess out of a sandbar, proving her chastity

Question 24

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Answer 24

-Roman general that convinced the senate to let him fight hannibal where he ended the war

Question 25

who was the King of Numidia that helped the Romans win against Hannibal at Zama

Answer 25

Masinissa

Question 26

The Romans gained a valuable ally in northern Africa who helped them defeat Hannibal’s army at Zama in 202 BCE, and that ally’s name was

Answer 26

King Masinissa of Numidia

Question 27

Eventually Hannibal was recalled to Africa by his Senate. When he went there, THIS Roman general convinced the Senate to allow him to raise his own army and fight Hannibal at Zama in 202 whereby he ended the war, earning him the name “Africanus”:

Answer 27

Publius Cornelius Scipio

Question 28

Marcus Porcius Cato’s other name

Answer 28

Cato the Elder

Question 29

Marcus Cato

Answer 29

went to scout out war b/w Carthage and Numidians, finds out that Carthage is strong

Question 30

After Cannae, Hannibal chose NOT to do this - and many historians to this day believe that if he had done this, he could have won the Second Punic war

Answer 30

attack rome

Question 31

Destruction of Carthage 146 BCE

Answer 31

-romans would later colonize the territory in North Africa

Question 32

what kind of war was the second punic war

Answer 32

war of land of invasions

Question 33

what happened in the third punic war

Answer 33

destruction of carthage