Quiz 3 on 3/19/25

Question 1

How do dinoflagellates get
their name?

Answer 1

1. “Dino” means whirling
2. “Flagellates”- for their two flagella

Question 2

Purpose of a Flagella

Answer 2

To aid in movement

Question 3

cellulose

Answer 3

a polysaccharide (a chain
of sugar molecules attached together)

Question 4

Traits Heterotrophic organisms

Answer 4

consumes organic mater
already present in the environment

Question 5

Traits of Autotrophic organisms

Answer 5

produce their own energy
rich organic compounds
with either 1. Photosynthesis or 2. Chemosynthesis

Question 6

Traits of Mixotrophic

Answer 6

both consume organic
matter from their environment and produce it

Question 7

What is Harmful Agal Blooms (HAB’s) or Red Tides

Answer 7

Large populations of algae that can be toxic and disrupt ecosystems

Question 8

Can HAB’s or Red Tides lead to PSP and DSP?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is Biomagnification

Answer 9

The Increase of concertation of chemicals as you rise up the food chain

Question 9

What is PSP?

Answer 9

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning

Question 10

What is DSP?

Answer 10

Diarrhetic Shellfish
Poisoning

Question 11

How does one get PSP or DSP?

Answer 11

By eating filter feeders like Bivalves

Question 12

What are two ways HABs can kill fish in the ocean?

Answer 12

1. Toxin is released into the water, killing the fish
2. Decomposition of dead organisms decrease the oxygen in the water

Question 13

Where does Ciguatera Poisoning occur?

Answer 13

Occurs in Tropical Habitats

Question 13

Does Ciguatera produce a heat resistant nerotoxin?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

How does one get Ciguatera Poisoning?

Answer 14

By consuming tropical fish with high concentration of the toxin

Question 15

Is Ciguatera fatal?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

Can Ciguatera lead to the Inversion of Senses?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What is Bioluminescence

Answer 17

The ability to produce light through an enzymatic reaction in living organisms

Question 18

What chemical reaction causes Bioluminescence?

Answer 18

Luciferin and Luciferase

Question 19

Is Luciferin a Substrate or an Enzyme?

Answer 19

It is a Substrate

Question 20

Is Luciferase a Substrate or an Enzyme?

Answer 20

It is a Enzyme

Question 21

What is the Burglar Alarm Hypothesis?

Answer 21

Alerts other predators of the existence of the animal trying to eat them (Think of an alarm alerting the police to get the burglars)

Question 22

What are the two Hypothesis for Bioluminescence?

Answer 22

Burglar Alarm
Startle Response

Question 23

What is the Startle Response Hypothesis

Answer 23

Flash of light startling the predator, giving the organism a chance to escape

Question 24

What is Symbiosis

Answer 24

Two species evolving to live together

Question 25

What is Commensalism?

Answer 25

One species benefitting while the other is unharmed from the Symbiosis

Question 25

What is Mutualism

Answer 25

Both species benefiting from the Symbiosis

Question 26

Three kinds of symbiotic relationships

Answer 26

1. Mutualism 2. Commensalism 3. Parasitism

Question 26

What is Parasitism?

Answer 26

One Species benefitting, while the other is harmed from the Symbiosis

Question 27

What type of Symbiont are Dinoflagellates?

Answer 27

They are Mutualists

Question 28

What do Dinoflagellates Provide?

Answer 28

They provide the host Photosynthesis and the ability to create skeletons made of calcium and carbonate

Question 29

What do Dinoflagellates receive in their Mutualism Symbiosis?

Answer 29

Protection and nutrients from the host.

Question 30

What kind of symbiotic relationship do dinoflagellates have with coral?

Answer 30

Mutualistic

Question 31

What is Coral Bleaching?

Answer 31

A stress response where the coral releases the algae that lives inside it, effectively bleaching itself and dying

Question 32

What is a Stressor of Coral Bleaching?

Answer 32

Water being too warm

Question 33

What are Diatoms?

Answer 33

Unicellular Organisms (One cell)

Question 34

What is a Frustule?

Answer 34

The Cell Wall of a Diatom

Question 35

What are Frustule's made of?

Answer 35

Silica (Glass)

Question 36

What are the Two Valves of the Frustule?

Answer 36

Epitheca (Larger and Outer one) Hypotheca (Smaller and Inner one)

Question 36

Why do Frustules contain pores?

Answer 36

Because they have need to have things going in and out

Question 37

What is Diatomaceous Earth?

Answer 37

Sedimentary rock made of Fossilized remains of Diatoms

Question 38

What can Diatomaceous be used in?

Answer 38

1. Pools 2. Abrasives in Toothpaste 3. Insulation Material 4. Beer Production

Question 39

Does Planktonic float or sink to the ocean floor?

Answer 39

Float

Question 40

Does Benthic float or sink to the ocean floor?

Answer 40

Sink

Question 41

Why do refer to organisms as Benthic or Planktonic?

Answer 41

To categorize the lifestyle of organisms

Question 42

How do Diatoms remain buoyant?

Answer 42

Have oil droplets that let them float.

Question 43

Can Diatoms photosynthesize

Answer 43

Yes

Question 44

Are skeletons called Frustule when referring to Diatoms

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

What does HABs stand for?

Answer 45

Harmful Alga Bloom

Question 46

What does "Auto" and "Trophic" mean in Autotrophic?

Answer 46

Auto= Self Trophic= Feeding

Question 47

What Does "Poly" and "Saccharide" mean in Polysaccharide

Answer 47

Poly= Many Saccharide= Sugar

Question 48

What does "Hetero" and "Trophic" mean in Heterotrophic?

Answer 48

Hetero= Other Trophic= Feeding

Question 49

Do Dinoflagellates need Nutrients like Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon?

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

What Nutrients do Dinoflagellates need?

Answer 50

Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Carbon

Question 51

What are the 3 Major Photosynthetic on Earth?

Answer 51

(In Order) 1. Cyanobacteria 2. Diatoms 3. Dinoflagellates