Quiz 3: Personality Flashcards
(22 cards)
6 types of personality theories
- Psychodynamic/Freudian
- Trait
- Social Cognitive
- Humanistic
- Personological
- Biological
Psychodynamic Perspective
-Unconscious mind
-Free association
-3 structures of personality: id, ego, superego
-Defense mechanisms
-Critiques of freud
Unconscious mind
a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories
Free Association
Patients say whatever comes to mind
3 Structure of Personality
Id: pleasure-seeking: the devil (unconscious)
Ego: mediator between id and superego (conscious)
Superego: society rules: the angel (preconscious)
Defense Mechanisms
protects us, tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
Critiques of Freud
Trait perspective
personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic patterns of behavior, emotions, and thoughts
Big 5 Model of Personality
-Openness
-Conscientiousness
-Extraversion
-Agreeableness
-Neuroticism
Critiques of trait perspective
does not explain the origin of personality or how personality traits are developed
Social Cognitive Perspective
Emphasizes how personality is influenced by social factors, cognitive factors, and behavior
Reciprocal determinism
reciprocal influences of behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors
Person Factor
attitudes, values, self-efficacy, personality
Environment Factors
actions of others, social context
Behavior Factors
actions, effort, choices, statements
Locus of Control
Internal: believing the self is in control; takes responsibility for own actions
External: believing external forces are the cause of one’s own circumstances
Personological Perspective
Must understand whole person to understand personality
Ex: written narratives, interviews
Humanistic Perspective
Personality evolves out of people’s innate motives to actualize the self
Ex: self-reports tests, interviews
Biological Perspective
Personality characteristics reflect underlying biological processes
Ex: twin studies, molecular genetic studies
Measuring Personality
self-report questionnaires, behavioral observation, interviews, and projective tests
Projective Tests
presents person with an ambiguous stimuli and asks them to describe it/tell a story about it
Self-report Tests/Personality Inventories
questionnaires designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors assessing several traits at once
