Quiz 3 (Unnatural Causes) Flashcards
(30 cards)
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What is health disparity?
define
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a chain of events signified by a difference:
- in environment
- utilization and quality of care
- health status
- a particular health outcome that deserves scrutiny
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What is health equality?
define
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treating all patients the same way
is it equal?
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What is health equity?
define
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fair and just opportunity
is it fair?
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What the common perceptions with health outcomes & social inequities?
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- personal responsibility: your actions
- unfortunate, but not unjust: genetic predisposition to a disease
- nothing can be done: systems level change is needed
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What are Whitehead’s Determinants of Health Disparities?
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- natural biological variation
- health damaging behavior that is freely chosen
- transient health advantage of one group over another when one group is first to adopt to a health promoting behavior
- health-damaging behavior where lifestyle choices are severely restricted
- exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions
- inadequate access to essential health services and other basic services
- natural selection or health related social mobility, involving the tendency for sick people to move down the social scale
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “natural biological variation”
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skin color, eye color, height, etc.
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “health damaging behavior that is freely chosen”
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substance use, cliff diving, lack of preventative action
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “transient health advantage of one group over another when one group is first to adopt to a health promoting behavior”
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assuming the other group has the means to catch up soon
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “health-damaging behavior where lifestyle choices are severely restricted”
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eating diorder, substance use, lack of access
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions”
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overworked, high crime area, etc
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “inadequate access to essential health services and other basic services”
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location, transportation, insurance
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
Define or give an example of “natural selection, or health related social mobility, involving the tendency for sick people to move down the social scale”
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children which chronic health problems may face challenges in school, individuals with poor health may be limited in the types of job they can hold, etc.
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What are 10 things to know about health?
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- health is more than health care
- health is tied to the distribution of resources
- racism imposes an added health burden
- the choices we make are shaped by the choices we have
- high demand + low control = chronic stress
- chronic stress can be deadly
- inequality –> economic and political
- social policy is health policy
- health inequities are neither natural or inevitable
- we all pay the price for poor health
Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and and In Wealth
What are the themes that we see in episode 1: In Sickness and and In Wealth
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- class status correlates with health outcomes
- chronic activation of the body’s stress response wears down our organs over time and increases disease risk
- racism threatens health, both “upstream” and independent of class
- social and economic policies have reduced health inequities in the past and in other countries
Unnatural Causes
Explain the first theme: class status correlates with health outcomes
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our economic, social and built environments shape health
- middle to lower class: exposed to more health threats and have less access to opportunities and resources needed to control their destinies
- upper to middle class: have access to power and resources and in general living longer, healthier lives
Unnatural Causes
Explain the second theme: racism threatens health, both “upstream” and independent of class
or provide an example
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African Americans with higher incomes have better health outcomes than African Americans with lower incomes BUT still have poorer health outcomes than their White counterparts
Unnatural Causes
Explain the third theme: social and economic policies have reduced health inequities in the past and in other countries
or provide an example
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- social security
- social services
- the GI Bill
- child labor laws
- universal health care
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
What is race?
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- biological origin: a category in which genes determine race and thus the health outcomes associated with race
- social construct: inherited socially created environmental factors predict health outcomes
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
Define racisim
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- “An organized system, rooted in the ideology of inferiority, that categorizes, ranks, and differentially allocates societal recources to human populations groups.”
- “A multifaceted social category that captures differential access to power and desirable resources in society.”
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
According to Jones, what are the 3 levels of racism?
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- institutionalized
- personally mediated
- internalized
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
Define institutionalized racism
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- systemic and subtle
- social ideologies, practices, and policies
- sustained through customs, standards, and regulations
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
Define personally mediated racism
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interpersonal in nature
- “the interpersonal experiences of prejudice and discrimination”
- “negative attitudes and beliefs about the motivations, abilities, and intentions towarrd racial out groups, whereas discrimination is the behavioral manifestation of prejudice”
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
Define internalized racism
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intrapersonal
- compromises the ego and integrity of the individual
- “the acceptance of cultural stereotypes of inferiority by marginalized social groups”
Unnatural Causes: When the Bough Breaks
What are the themes seen in episode 2: When the Bough Breaks
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- birth outcomes are affected by the negative impact of racism over one’s lifetime, not just during pregnancy
- racism in America is an added source of chronic stress for people of color
- racial justic and civic engagement are instruments for improving health and birth outcomes
